1. Electronics for the INO ICAL detector B.Satyanarayana Tata Institute of Fundamental Research For INO collaboration

2. 2B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 INO ICAL prototype detector 13 layers of 5 cm thick magnetised iron plates 40 ton absorber mass 1.5 Tesla magnetic field 12, 1m 2 RPC layers About 800 readout channels Trigger on cosmic ray muons (RPC and scintillation paddles) Record strip hit and timing information Chamber and ambient parameter monitoring

3. 3B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Electronics scheme for prototype

4. 4B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Front-ends on prototype chambers

5. 5B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Typical avalanche RPC pulse

6. 6B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Preamplifier pulses on trigger

7. 7B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Charge-pulse height plot

8. 8B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Pulse height-pulse width plot

9. 9B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Charge spectrum of the RPC  = 375fC

10. 10B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Time spectrum of the RPC  t = 1.7nS

11. 11B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Preamps for prototype detector HMC based Opamp based

12. 12B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Front-end boards 16-channel analog front-end 32-channel digital front-end

13. 13B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Signal router boards Control and data Trigger and TDC

14. 14B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Data and monitor control module

15. 15B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Data and monitor readout Module

16. 16B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Final trigger module

17. 17B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Prototype detector stack & DAQ

18. 18B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 On-line data monitoring system

19. 19B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 ICAL detector fact sheet No. of modules 3 Module dimensions 16 m X 16 m X 12 m Detector dimensions 48 m X 16 m X 12 m No. of layers 140 Iron plate thickness 6 cm Gap for RPC trays 2.5 cm Magnetic field 1.3 Tesla RPC dimensions 2 m X 2 m Readout strip width 3 cm No. of RPCs/Road/Layer 8 No. of Roads/Layer/Module 8 No. of RPC units/Layer 192 No. of RPC units 26880 No. of readout strips 3.6 X 10 6

20. 20B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 What is specific for ICAL DAQ? Large number of data channels to handle; large scale integration needed But, fewer and simpler parameters to record Low rates; high degree of multiplexing possible Monolithic detector; unlike the case accelerator based detectors

21. 21B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Recordable parameters (Detector) Event data Strip hit information (Boolean, 1 bit per strip) Strip hit information (Boolean, 1 bit per strip) Strip signal timing with reference to event trigger Strip signal timing with reference to event trigger Strips ORed to reduce timing channels Strips ORed to reduce timing channels Monitor data Strip single/noise counting rate Strip single/noise counting rate Chamber voltage and current Chamber voltage and current

22. 22B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Recordable parameters (DAQ) Preamplifier gain and input offset Discriminator threshold and pulse width Trigger logic parameters and tables DAQ system parameters Controllers’ and computers’ status

23. 23B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Open loop versus closed loop systems Gas flow via Mass Flow Controllers Exhaust gas flow monitor Residual gas analyser data Gas contaminants’ monitor data Gas leak detectors Safety bubblers’ status Recordable parameters (Gas system)

24. 24B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Temperature Gas Gas Front-end electronics Front-end electronics Barometric pressure Gas Gas Relative humidity Dark currents of the bias supplies Dark currents of the bias supplies Electronics Electronics Recordable parameters (Ambient)

25. 25B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Broad aspects and requirements RPC bias, signal pickup and front-end electronics Digital processing and data readout Data control and acquisition Trigger and global clock systems Slow control and monitoring Electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems Electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems Low and high voltage power supplies Low and high voltage power supplies Closed loop gas system Closed loop gas system Cavern ambient parameters Cavern ambient parameters Magnet operation and control Magnet operation and control Access, safety devices and control Access, safety devices and control

26. 26B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Major sub-systems Analog and digital front-ends Mounted inside RPC assemblies Mounted inside RPC assemblies Programmable(?) preamps and comparators Programmable(?) preamps and comparators DAQ stations Mounted on detector front-faces Mounted on detector front-faces Latches, pre-trigger generators, pipelines and buffers Latches, pre-trigger generators, pipelines and buffers Time to digital converters (TDCs) Time to digital converters (TDCs) Data concentrators and high speed serial transmitters Data concentrators and high speed serial transmitters VME back-ends Data collectors and frame transmitters Data collectors and frame transmitters Trigger control and fan-outs Trigger control and fan-outs Trigger system Works on inputs from front-ends, back-ends or external Works on inputs from front-ends, back-ends or external Place for high density FPGA devices Place for high density FPGA devices

27. 27B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Technology standards RPC bias: Industrial solutions, DC-HVDC Front-end: ASIC Digital processing: ASIC/FPGA Backend: VME Trigger system: FPGA, Farms(?) Operating system: Linux Slow control: SCADA/PVSS/Ethernet

28. 28B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 ICAL detector concept 50 Kton magnetised ICAL

29. 29B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Placement of front-end electronics RPC Gas volume RPC signal pickup panel Front-end for X-plane Front-end for Y-plane

30. 30B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Cables & services routing RPC Iron absorber RPC Signal cables from RPCs Gas, LV & HV cables from RPCs

31. 31B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 DAQ & services’ sub-stations Iron absorber Iron spacer RPC DAQ LV HV Gas

32. 32B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 A promising DC-HVDC chip Can this be good cheaper alternative to commercial solution?

33. 33B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Fast preamp ASIC Rise Time: ~1ns Power consumption: ~100mW Power supply: 3.3V Technology: 0.35  Dynamic range: 50-350fF

34. 34B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Comparator ASIC

35. 35B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Example for front-ends: NINO Francis Anghinolfi et al

36. 36B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Other examples for front-ends Front-end for CMS Muon Barrel RPC system Front-end for ATLAS Muon RPC system

37. 37B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 HPTDC architecture J. Christiansen, CERN

38. 38B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 HPTDC specifications

39. 39B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 AMT chip for ATLAS Muon RPC Yasuo Arai (KEK)

40. 40B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 AMT chip performance

41. 41B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 ALICE TOF timing system Good example of a large scale integration of timing system using industrial support (CAEN) VME64X backplane 2400 high resolution (25pS) channels per crate Crate equipped with other control, trigger, communication and LV supply modules

42. 42B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Summary RPC’s pulse characteristics and ICAL’s requirements understood to a large extent; more will be known from the prototype detector Time to formulate competitive schemes for electronics, data acquisition, trigger, control, monitor, on-line software, databases and other systems Feasibility R&D studies on front-ends, timing elements, trigger architectures, on-line data handling schemes should be concurrently taken up Segmentation, power budgets, integration issues etc. must be addressed Trade-offs between using available solutions and customised design and developments for ICAL to be debated Design tools, infrastructure, fab facilities Needs national and international collaboration and team work

43. Backup slides

44. 44B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 Typical first stage preamp response  Rise time: ~2ns  Gain: 10  I/O impedance: 50   Package: 22-pin DIP  Size: 30X 15 mm)  Power supplies: ± 6V  Power consumption: ~110mW  Bandwidth: 350MHz

45. 45B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 HMC performance: Dynamic range BMC 1595 BMC 1596 BMC 1597BMC 1598

46. 46B.Satyanarayana KEK, Japan November 27, 2007 HMC performance: Timing response BMC 1595 BMC 1598BMC 1597 BMC 1596