1. THE CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA Solomon Kojo Quansah KITE

2. 2 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 PRESENTATION OUTLINE GHANA’S INITIAL COMMUNICATION CDM PROJECT CYCLE GHANA’S DNA STRUCTURE SD CRITERIA & APPROVAL PROCESS DNA’s WEBSITE

3. Ghana’s UNFCCC and KP Implementation Efforts Ghana’s Initial National Communication –Greenhouse gas emissions inventory –Vulnerability and adaptation Assessment Impacts of Climate onImpacts of Climate on –Water Resources –Agriculture –Coastal Zone –Mitigation Options Reduction of Emissions from EnergyReduction of Emissions from Energy Enhancement of sink capacity through forest protection and regenerationEnhancement of sink capacity through forest protection and regeneration

4. Emissions Profile

5. Emissions Profile (Net)

6. Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments The Netherlands Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme (NCCSAP 1) Impacts of climate change Water Resources, agriculture and coastal zone

7. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Ghana Reduction in flows between 15-20% and 30-40% for the year 2020 and 2050 respectively in all the basins.Reduction in flows between 15-20% and 30-40% for the year 2020 and 2050 respectively in all the basins. Irrigation water demand was to increase to about 40% and 150% for 2020 and 2050 due to climate change respectively and 5% and 17% without climate changeIrrigation water demand was to increase to about 40% and 150% for 2020 and 2050 due to climate change respectively and 5% and 17% without climate change Hydropower generation could seriously be affected by climate change leading about 60% reduction in available water in all basins by 2020, already is being felt.Hydropower generation could seriously be affected by climate change leading about 60% reduction in available water in all basins by 2020, already is being felt.

8. Impacts on Agriculture Production V&A was done for cereal production, specifically for maize, millet, rice and sorghum It was projected that the yield of maize would decrease to 6.9% in the year 2020. The yield of millet, however, would not be affected by climate change because millet is more drought-tolerant and therefore insensitive to temperature rise

9. Impacts on Coastal Zone Direct inundation (or submergence) of low-lying wetland and dry-land areasDirect inundation (or submergence) of low-lying wetland and dry-land areas Erosion of soft shores by increasing offshore loss of sediment, e.g. 3m per year along the east coast is now occurringErosion of soft shores by increasing offshore loss of sediment, e.g. 3m per year along the east coast is now occurring Increases in salinity of estuaries and aquifersIncreases in salinity of estuaries and aquifers Exacerbated coastal flooding and storm damage.Exacerbated coastal flooding and storm damage. These impacts will in turn influence coastal habitats, bio-diversity and socio-economic activitiesThese impacts will in turn influence coastal habitats, bio-diversity and socio-economic activities Estimated cost of protecting all shorelines (550km) at risk with populations greater than 10 persons per km 2 with seawalls is US$1.14 billion (based on 2000 cost estimates). The protection of only the important areas, reduces that cost to US$590 million.Estimated cost of protecting all shorelines (550km) at risk with populations greater than 10 persons per km 2 with seawalls is US$1.14 billion (based on 2000 cost estimates). The protection of only the important areas, reduces that cost to US$590 million.

10. Results of Ghana Coastal Zone Vulnerability Assessment It has been estimated that: –3.3% of the population within the coastal zone is at risk as a result of inundation and shoreline recession and this population is mainly within the east coast, –In the east coast, the erosion of the shores may be occurring at an average rate of 3 m per year –A total of 1,110 km2 of land along the coast will be lost if nothing is done to protect them. Most of the affected areas are within the east coast

11. What Must Ghana do? Remember – the commitment period 2012 is fast approaching Ghana has set up the Designated National Authority (DNA) - EPA. The DNA regulations and Approval Process is far advanced in its development. Some project developers are developing projects and you need to be a part.

12. 12 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 DNA Organizational Structure AD Hoc technical Com. Minister Min. L. Gov. fmly MES EPA CDM Governing council Project Developers UNFCC Secretariat/ EB EPA, the guidelines and regulations governing project DNA has been completed awaiting ministerial assent.

13. 13 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 ….innovating energy solutions….

14. 14 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 DNA Approval-SD Criteria Social Good Governance, Poverty reduction, Creating employment, Creating economic opportunities, Equitable access and utilisation of resources, Skill and expertise development, Access to affordable energy Economic Promote economic growth, Promoting Investments, Provide macro economic benefits, such as foreign exchange generation, Equitable access and participation to economic opportunities Environmental Improve local environment, Local air quality, Environmental health issues, Sustainable forests management, Development of environmental friendly technologies, ….innovating energy solutions….

15. 15 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 Ghana Approval Process Submission of Pin Review by Members of CDMGC/Ad-hoc committee LNO issued Prepare PDD Submit verified PDD Review by CDMCG/AC Rejection/clarific ation Issue LOA Develop project

16. 16 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 PROJECTS & OPPORTUNITIES GOPDC Palm Oil Mill Effluent project: - opportunities for bundling being explored The Energy Foundation 7 pre-approved –TOR - Energy Efficiency and Fuel Switching at Tema Oil Refinery –ECG/VRA - Fuel Switching from Crude Oil to Natural Gas as combustion oil for a 100MW Thermal Power Plant –Etc

17. 17 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 DNA’s Website www.dnaghana.com OR www.dnaghana.orgwww.dnaghana.com www.dnaghana.org Currently being hosted on www.kiteonline.net/cdmghana www.kiteonline.net/cdmghana

18. 18 The CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA 6/3/2015 THANK YOU ANY THOUGHTS? Email:solomon@kiteonline.net