1. 14. The Environment The Environment as a foreign policy issue

2. 14. The Environment The Environment as a foreign policy issue The Environment and the Canadian Government The Environment and the Canadian Public The Environment and International Pressure

3. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Climate Change and Projected Impacts

4. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change UN Conference on the Environment and Development (the “Rio” or “Earth” Summit 1992) – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

5. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change UN Conference on the Environment and Development (the “Rio” or “Earth” Summit 1992) – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – Canada’s commitments at Rio: reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000

6. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Implementation: 1994 Canada’s National Report on Climate Change: Canada’s GHG emissions 11% above Rio level in 2000 1995 Canada’s National Action Program on Climate Change: Canada’s GHG emissions will be 13% higher than allowed 1997 Canada’s National Report on Climate Change: Canada’s GHG emissions 8% above Rio level in 2000 1997 Natural Resources Canada estimated GHG emissions 19% higher than Rio level in 2010 and 36% higher in 2020.

7. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change The Kyoto Conference of the Parties (1997)

8. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change The Kyoto Conference of the Parties (1997) – Canada’s commitments at Kyoto

9. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Implementation: – Canada ratifies 17 December 2002 (Kyoto comes into force in February 2005) – 1999 Environment Canada Report: Canada’s GHG emissions 15% above Kyoto level in 2000, 27% above in 2010, and 41% above in 2020 – Estimate in 2000 by Pembina Institute that only 33% of the initiatives of the 1994 Canada national report had been partially or wholly implemented – Budget 2000 and 2001 called for 80Mt of reductions – November 2002 Climate Change Plan for Canada called for an addition 100 more (180 in total), with 80 to come in future plans – In 2003, the Pembina Institute found that Canada's GHG emissions were 24% above the 1990 level, while our Kyoto target is 6% below the 1990 level

10. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation:

11. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost

12. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness

13. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness 3.Business Opposition

14. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness 3.Business Opposition 4.Federal/Provincial relations

15. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness 3.Business Opposition 4.Federal/Provincial relations 5.Minority governments

16. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness 3.Business Opposition 4.Federal/Provincial relations 5.Minority governments 6.Administrative

17. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Obstacles to Implementation: 1.Cost 2.Competitiveness 3.Business Opposition 4.Federal/Provincial relations 5.Minority governments 6.Administrative 7.Electoral Consequences

18. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Developments since 2005 – Moving Forward on Climate Change: A Plan for Honouring our Kyoto Commitments

19. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change The Harper government and climate change – Budget 2006 – Conservative government pledge for “made in Canada” climate change plan – Clean Air Act (October 2006) – 2007 call for emissions cuts of 20% (using 2006 as baseline)

20. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change The Harper government and climate change – The Bali COP (December 2007) Set 2009 deadline for new climate change treaty Mentions reductions targets of 25-40 percent by 2020 Adaptation Fund Technology transfer – Canadian Opposition – Copenhagen (December 2009)

21. 14.1. Canada and Climate Change Copenhagen (17-18 December 2009)