1. Connection-oriented Ethernet Attributes and Applications
Ralph Santitoro
3Q09 Toronto Meeting
July 22, 2009

2. Contents CLE and COE: 2 implementations of Ethernet COE Attributes
COE Applications

3. Connectionless Ethernet (CLE)

4. Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) Challenges
Ethernet switches forward frames to correct port based on destination MAC address (DA)
If destination MAC address unknown, switches broadcast frames to all ports (called flooding)
Flooding creates additional BW requirements on all links
Amount of flooding is not predictable
DA becomes known by “learning”
DA becomes unknown when the bridges age out MAC table entries in their memory ~ 5 minutes
Table entry will not age out if frames keep coming—but no one can control this
Flooding plays havoc with QoS and resource reservation

5. Flooding Simplified I know where C is (for now) Where is C again?
Multipoint EVC
DA=C A B C CE
Flooding: Destination MAC address has unknown destination port
Multipoint EVC
DA=C A B C CE
Destination MAC address has a known destination port
DA = Destination Address

6. CLE Challenges: Spanning Tree ProtocolB A B C CE D CE CE
STP
Blocked
Link
Failover
Link
Failure
New STP
Blocked Link D CE C CE
STP: up to 2s protection switching speeds. Difficult provisioning

7. Connection-oriented Ethernet (COE)
Provides explicit definition of Ethernet paths
Disables Ethernet MAC address learning & flooding
Ethernet paths could be:
End to end (EVC)
Individual network segments
Resource reservation and admission control per EVC per CoS
Per-connection (EVC/Path) traffic management and traffic engineering
COE addresses the CLE challenges

8. COE Supported Network Topologies / MEF Service Types
Linear
Mesh
(E-Line or E-Tree)
Ring
(E-Line or E-Tree)
E-Line
Hub & Spoke
(E-Tree or Service Multiplexed EVPL)
COE supports many topologies to support popular Ethernet services

9. EMS/NMS Plays Critical Role for COE
COE does not use bridging control protocols
NMS used to provision VLAN “cross connects” and tunnels
COE relies on EMS/NMS for
Setup working/protect traffic engineered EVCs or network segments
Setup bandwidth profiles (CIR/EIR) with BW reservation
CIR is really “guaranteed” like with SONET/SDH
Other OAM function such as Fault Management
COE places more emphasis on the importance of the NMS

10. COE: The best of both worlds
Connectionless Ethernet
Layer 2 Aggregation
Statistical Multiplexing
Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
Cost Effectiveness
SONET / SDH
Deterministic and precision QoS
Bandwidth reserved per STS / STM
99.999% Availability
Highest Security (L1 service)
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
Layer 2 Aggregation and Statistical Multiplexing
Deterministic and precision QoS
Bandwidth reserved per connection
Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
99.999% Availability
Cost effectiveness
Highest Security
COE makes Carrier Ethernet more like a Layer 1 service
but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet

11. COE Key Benefits Attributes Benefits
Explicit Definition of Ethernet Path
Deterministic, Predictable, Scalable, Secure
Resource Reservation and Connection Admission Control
Guaranteed SLA’s
Per Connection QoS
and Traffic Engineering
Bandwidth Profiles
Tiered Services
Robust Ethernet OAM
Comprehensive Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Carrier Class Service Protection
< 50ms Protection / Restoration

12. COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro
Why COE ?
Makes Ethernet more like SONET which has dominated the metro network
Network operations procedures similar to SONET
Smooth transition for SONET-trained operations personnel
Easily scales to meet large scale metro connectivity and aggregation requirements
Ideally suited for:
EoX Aggregation for handoff to service edge networks
Mobile Backhaul Networks
High Performance EVPL and EPL services
COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro

13. Different approaches to COE
MPLS-centric COE
Ethernet-centric COE
Static PW
T-MPLS
MPLS-TP
PBB-TE
VLAN Tag
Switching PW PW
Eth
MPLS LSP
Eth
Eth
Eth
S-VLAN or PBB-TE
Ethernet
MPLS Pseudowire (PW)
MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP)
Ethernet
Ethernet-centric COE now being used in metro networks
MPLS-centric COE
Standards being developed.
Proposed usage for interconnection of MPLS core routers
Ethernet-centric COE being deployed today

14. COE Attributes

15. Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet
Standardized Services
EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree
MEF 6, MEF 10.2
COE
Attributes
Deterministic QoS
Low Delay, Delay Variation, Loss
Y.1731, 802.1ag, MEF 10.2
Bandwidth Resource Reservation
High Scalability
Millions of EVCs
Layer 2 Aggregation
Statistical Multiplexing
Full Service Management
Link Fault Management
802.3ah
Service (EVC) Fault Management
Y.1731, 802.1ag,
High Reliability
50ms Protection / Restoration
G.8031
802.3ad Link Aggregation
Security
Bridging disabled - no vulnerabilities
L2 DOS attacks mitigated
MAC DOS attacks mitigated
COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet

16. COE Security: Comparable to SONET
Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic
similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks
With COE, MAC Address Learning / Flooding is disabled
MAC Address spoofing cannot occur
MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur
With COE, vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs) like STP are disabled
Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DOS attacks) are mitigated
With COE, bridging is disabled so additional ports cannot be bridged to the point-to-point service
Traffic snooping cannot occur
COE provides security comparable Layer 1 (EoSONET)
but without any of SONET bandwidth utilization issues

17. Session 3: Fujitsu Packet Optical Solutions
Ethernet OAM for COE
4/16/2017
Standard
Fault Management
Comparable to SONET
ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag
Tunnel Layer
STS Path / VCG
Service (EVC) Layer
VT1.5 or STS Path
IEEE 802.3ah
Link (physical) Layer
SONET Line
Service OAM
Tunnel OAM
EVC1
FLASHWAVE
CDS
EVC1, 2 and 3
EVC2
FLASHWAVE
CDS
MSC
FLASHWAVE
CDS
EVC3
FLASHWAVE
CDS
Link
Link OAM
COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards

18. COE Attributes for Network Survivability
IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)
For local (link level) diversity and protection
If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load
Can implement 1:1 protection with working/protect LAG members
ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection
for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection
Similar to SONET 1+1 UPSR path protection
Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path
Independent of Network Topology
Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies
COE achieves high availability via multiple levels of protection

19. COE Provides Dedicated Protection Switching
Ethernet Linear Protection (ITU-T G.8031)
Dedicated protection resources
< 50ms protection switching time
Simple provisioning
Failover
Link
Failure

20. Link and Path Protection Equivalency
SONET
1+1
OC-192
1+1
OC-N
1+1
OC-N
UPSR
1+1 OC-N
1+1 OC-N
Ethernet
1:1
LAG
1:1
LAG
1:1
LAG
G.8031 GE GE
10GE
10GE
10GE
1:1
LAG
COE protection similar to SONET

21. COE Applications

22. COE Application Categories
Transport and Infrastructure
Layer 2 Aggregation to Service Edge Networks
Mobile Backhaul
Triple Play Residential Broadband Backhaul
IPTV, Video on Demand, Internet Access, Voice
Access to Network-based IP/MPLS VPNs
Access to MPLS Inter-Metro Core Network
Service Delivery
Layer 2 connectivity services
EPL and EVPL
EP-Tree and EVP-Tree
Ethernet Internet Access (EIA)

23. COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure
Session 3: Fujitsu Packet Optical Solutions
COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure
4/16/2017
EoF
Internet Access
GbE/10GbE
GbE/10GbE
VoIP/ IMS
Aggregation Network
COE EoX
Eoλ
IP VPN
EoPDH
MPLS Inter-Metro LD Core
NxDS-1
PDH Access Network
OC-n
NxDS-3
MTSO
EoCu
Copper Access Network
Video Serving Office
GbE
EoS
Switched Ethernet Services
SONET
CPE
EoX Access
Aggregation
Service Edges
COE for Ethernet Aggregation for all Service Edge Networks

24. COE for Business Ethernet Services
EPL
EVPL
EVC
EVC
UNI
Service Multiplexed UNI
UNI
UNI
COE Network
COE Network
UNI
UNI
EVC
EVC
UNI
UNI
Retail Ethernet Services
Service Provider Network
Wholesale Access Provider Network
UNI
E-NNI
UNI
EVC
OVC
COE
COE
Wholesale Ethernet Services

25. COE for Mobile Backhaul
COE Backhaul Transport Network
UNI
Cell Sites
MTSO
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
E-Line and E-Tree Service Types highly suitable for Mobile Backhaul Networks
COE meets the stringent requirements of Mobile Backhaul

26. Summary COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet
With added Security benefits
COE provides a common metro EoX aggregation solution
for Ethernet access to all service edge networks
COE facilitates the evolution of SONET metro transport networks to Carrier Ethernet
COE is operationally similar to SONET

27. COE Discussion