1. What goes around, comes around … Peter Burnhill EDINA National Data Centre University of Edinburgh http://edina.ac.uk/ IASSIST Annual Conference Ann Arbor, 23 -25 May 2006

2. Overview EDINA –Services Repositories of digital content –(user) verbs, not (supply-side) nouns Experience with repositories of digital content –Personal –General

3. EDINA JISC-designated National Data Centre, 1995/96 - –based at the University of Edinburgh Data Library (1983 -) –focus is on service, with significant r&D: projects into services Our mission... to enhance the productivity of research, learning and teaching in UK higher and further education *If not, don’t do it! delivering key datasets via ‘web-rooms’: –Map & Data Place *geo-spatial data & geo-referenced information –Reading & Reference Room *Supporting scholarly communication –Sound & Picture Studio *Download still images; documentary films –Learning & Teaching Centre supporting interoperability & shared services –SDSS/Shibboleth; OpenURL Router; geoXwalk, etc –We do things for JISC

5. Every day is a school day … New words, and new ‘old’ words, new composite words: digital libraries, portals digital preservation, data curation & digital curation and now digital repositories & institutional repositories Opportunity to re-think what we do as data folk Merit in looking at what we do, using viewpoints outside ourselves

6. Repositories of digital content So what is a digital repository? Do we already run digital repositories? Can we move into that space? What value can we add –For the client community? –For academic support colleagues? Can we say: “Behind every great data service, there is a wonderful managed repository of digital content?” First, some context

7. Scottish Education Data Archive, late 1970s – mid 1980s –Data generated from survey by a research centre (CES) –Made available online under ‘privileged access’ Edinburgh University Data Library, mid-1980s & on –Wider range of data obtained from others, often via others (eg UKDA) –Made available online, sometimes with special software, to UofEd Attended IASSIST in 1985 EDINA national data centre, mid-1990s & on –Still wider range of reference and source data, obtained under licence –made available, after value-added ‘curation’, to UK universities/colleges –For JISC: national repositories of digital content: Jorum, GRADE, Prospero Digital Curation Centre, 2004 & 2005 –Even wider range of data yet (e-science), but held by others –Strategic role: ‘data curation’ & ‘digital preservation’ (there at the birth) Information Services, Univ. of Edinburgh –Re-alignment, Institutional Repositories … –University Collections - digitisation Experience with repositories of digital content: Personal

8. 1970s – mid 1980s –physical sciences and many in life & social sciences generated their own –emergence/growth of data archives & data libraries for social science data *IASSIST community of information professionals –growth in networked computing, and emergence of desktop mid-1980s & on –Internet spurs development of new approaches for data services –global environmental change: data task forces link data factories –libraries get OPACS, access remote A&I databases –IASSIST 1990: ‘numbers, words, pictures & sounds’ *‘all will be digital & accessed from afar’ mid-1990s & on –arrival of WWW as successor to Gopher & WAIS, linking users to content –Sciences focus on curation of databases –arrival of digital library movement *Fusion of computation & document tradition; –digitisation in the Humanities, and digital preservation concerns 2000 & on –Big Science discovers ‘sharing’, invests in data curation –Open Access movement; for authors & readers (publishers & libraries) –strategic role to encompass ‘data curation’ & ‘digital preservation’ Experience with repositories of digital content: General

9. Repositories of digital content So what is a digital repository? –(user) verbs, not (supply-side) nouns … A repository is a noun that meets a set of (user) verbs, by supporting delivery of [services] for a given/designated client community: –Put [ingest service] –Keep-safe [storage service] –Get [access service] Motivation: for the record? for re-use? Can we say, “Behind every great service, there is a wonderful managed repository”? No, not if access service do not have a corresponding ingest service.

10. 3 JISC-funded national digital repositories: Jorum, GRADE & Prospero Jorum –Now launched as ‘service-in-development’ –For learning & teaching materials –Few examples of Institutional Learning Object Repositories Prospero –At the scoping stage (March – July 2006) –For e-Prints available under Open Access –A lot of Institutional Repository activity GRADE Geospatial Repository for Academic Deposit & Extraction –A funded project (February 2004 – July 2006) –For geo-spatial derived data available under Licensed Access *informal and formal repositories repositories at associate partner sites

11. Introducing the Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Jorum is …. national repository of learning & teaching materials supporting reuse and repurposing but not Open Access a set of services (put & get) for UK universities & colleges jointly run by: “helping to build a community for sharing”

12. Jorum into service Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Jorum Contributor launched November 2005 41 Institutions have signed Contributor Licence 200+ contributor accounts created 581 objects being deposited, 402 now published 165 Institutions have signed User Licence 300+ user accounts created 500 downloads 400 on mailing list Jorum User launched February 2006

13. An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Jorum Contributor “Putting content in” Jorum User “Getting content out” Jorum R&D Jorum

14. An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > What type of objects does Jorum support? Single files Content Packages Virtual Objects E.g. text documents, Spreadsheets, PowerPoints, Images, Video, Audio, Flash Animations Bundling learning resources together with LOM metadata - Content can be moved between programs, facilitating easier delivery, reuse & sharing of materials. Jorum can catalogue and point to resources stored elsewhere - “Learning Object has Information Objects”

15. Presentation An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Jorum Contributor - putting stuff in Step 1 Contribute Step 2 Publish Step 3 Catalogue Step 4 Review Upload resource(s) Add basic metadata fields & classification Attach relevant rights holder information Published & available for download RDN Cataloguer previews resource and completes full metadata record Reviewer assesses metadata not content quality

16. An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Jorum User – getting stuff out (not Open Access) Users are teachers (tutors & learning technologists), not students for deployment in VLEs for learners in institution Direct or re-purposed use of materials Institutions sign up for User Licence via JISC Collections a site representative and a technical support representative Users from registered Institutions required to authenticate log in using Athens username and password Supports search/browse preview, download, reuse

17. An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > The Jorum Deposit Licence (looked at Creative Commons) Contributor Institutions sign a Deposit Licence Contributors grant Users a non-exclusive, royalty- free licence to use materials for educational (non-commercial) purposes: Aggregate, annotate, excerpt and modify Search, retrieve, display and download Save, print Incorporate into learning environments & compile into study packs Promotional purposes

18. An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > How do you start to build a community of sharing? ensure that products from projects do not disappear long term retention of publicly funded outputs experiment with national repository facilities that promote sharing, reuse and repurposing of content provide a ‘keep safe’ and showcase for those who wish to share learning and teaching resources regardless of institution and subject consider subject-presentation & institutional profiling provide easy to use publishing tools all content is properly tagged with essential metadata and have adequate rights holder information.

19. Presentation An Introduction to Jorum Introduction Background Overview Contributors Users Support Future work > Where do the materials come from? Centrally funded e-learning projects JISC& other publically-funded projects *e.g. X4L Phase 1 and 2, Distributed e Learning projects HE Academy CETLs *Centres of Excellence in Teaching and Learning UK Further and Higher Education Individual institutions – universities & colleges Institutions working as part of a consortium Working with other organisations/programmes CETIS, other JISC services e.g. RDN/Intute, Digital Curation Centre HE Academy Subject Centres built (with critical mass of content), they will come!

20. User verbs: adding productivity to their workflow Discover Locate Access Use Preserve Fit for purpose? Publish Create Put

21. Re-thinking two ‘fuzzy’ verbs To deposit –Who is the depositor? –What is their relationship to the object to be deposited? –What are the terms & conditions (licence) for access? To share –Formal sharing: published (‘publicated’) *What does it mean to be ‘well-published’ (not ‘ill-published’) *What is the licence –Informal sharing: between friends/peers –Illicit sharing: outside terms of licence

22. Dataset publishing Re-introduce the concept of Dataset Publishing (Callahan, Johnson, and Shelley 1996) –analogous to publishing papers –rewards people for publishing datasets *e.g. promotion, RAE –involves establishment of procedures (e.g. standards to use, peer review) & resources to manage procedures *Should minimise time and effort required –a dataset description is the equivalent of the bibliographic record –need tools to assist in creation, maintenance and dissemination of dataset descriptions EDINA involved in two related activities –Go-Geo! Portal Phase 4b –GRADE – (Geospatial Repository for Academic Deposit and Extraction)

23. Prospero Project at the scoping stage –Started in March 2006, will report in July Main Phase for project under consideration –From August 2006 Joint activity by EDINA & SHERPA –SHERPA is co-operative promoting OA & IRs Scoping & Preparatory Phase –Have built early repository *using eprints.org software

24. Stakeholders for a national Open Access repository facility? connecting the Reader and the Writer Researchers as authors –exposing work of authors to a readership Researchers as PIs and grant-holders –to comply with conditions of grants Institutions –as asset managers and service providers to their researchers Grant-funders, as public purse holders –are they environment or stakeholders? Learned societies –how else are subjects represented? Publishers –are they environment or stakeholders?

25. 5. publisher 2. depositor 1. object 6. institution 4. author 3. repository (Prospero) Repository: Extended Abstract Model Ib journal

26. A national repository facility? Many larger research-led universities have Institutional Repositories (IRs) –When will all have an IR? Making INROADS –An interim national repository for OA deposits UK repository junction? –WAYF? *Re-direct to web-page of extant IR *Accept deposit from researcher/authors where no extant IR –Transfer to IRs as and when they come into being

27. Trusted Repositories of Knowledge The Maori entrusted their knowledge to people, trained to be the repositories,who could: 1. receive information with the utmost accuracy 2. store information with integrity beyond doubt 3. retrieve the information without amendment 4. apply appropriate judgement in the use of the information 5. pass on the information appropriately. Whatarangi Winiata, (2002), Repositories of Röpü Tuku Iho: A Contribution to the Survival of Mäori as a People, Wellington: Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa Annual Conference, 17-20 November 2002 Special thanks to Professors Derek Law & Seamus Ross

28. Contact details Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA p.burnhill@ed.ac.uk or better still edina@ed.acuk Tel.: +44 (0)131 650 3302 Fax: +44 (0)131 650 3308 EDINA web site: http://edina.ac.ukhttp://edina.ac.uk