1. Genetics b the study of heredity b Heredity-the way in which traits of parents are passed on to offspring

2. MENDEL’S GENETICS

3. Austrian Monk c onsidered to be the “Father of Genetics” did experiments with peas Gregor Mendel

4. Mendel studied 7 traits in peas.

6. Phenotype The way an ORGANISM LOOKS

7. Genotype THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF AN ORGANISM

8. What Did Mendel Find? b He discovered different laws and rules that explain factors affecting heredity.

9. Dominant and Recessive Traits

10. Dominant Traits Characteristics you can always see if you have the genes.

11. Symbol capital letters

12. Recessive Traits Characteristics you cannot see if you have a dominant gene.

13. Symbol lower case letters

14. What are some dominant and recessive traits? DOMINANTRECESSIVE BROWN EYESBLUE EYES CAN ROLL TONGUECANNOT ROLL TONGUE BROWN HAIRBLONDE/RED SIX FINGERS!FIVE FINGERS

15. Rule of Unit Factors b Each organism has two alleles for each trait –Alleles - different forms of the same gene

16. Heterozygous & Homozygous b Heterozygous - if the two alleles for a trait are different (Aa) b Homozygous - if the two alleles for a trait are the same (AA or aa)

17. Law of Segregation b Mendel noticed that some plants with a dominant trait would have offspring with the dominant trait and offspring with the recessive trait. b Mendel figured the traits must separate when the plant passes them on

18. Law of Independent Assortment b Mendel noticed the inheritance of one trait did not affect the inheritance of another.

19. Punnett Squares b Help determine the possible offspring from a genetic cross

20. What would be the results of a Rr X Rr cross? R Rrr

21. Harry Potter and the Recessive Allele How Are Wizards Made ?

22. Being a wizard or a muggle is all decided by genetics All humans including wizards receive one allele from each parent

23. How Are Wizards Made ? The allele for wizarding ability is recessive Wizards have the alleles mm

24. How Are Wizards Made ? The allele for muggleness is M Muggles have the alleles Mm or MM M is dominant to m so you can only be a wizard if you have no M allele

25. The Malfoys Lucius Malfoy ( mm ) Narcissa Malfoy ( mm ) Draco Malfoy ( ) The Malfoys are a ‘pure blood’ family All their ancestors are wizards so they must have the alleles mm m m

26. Lily Potter ( mm ) James Potter ( mm ) Harry Potter ( WW ) Both Harry’s parents had magical ability so they must both have been mm They passed these alleles on to Harry The Potters m m

27. The Weasleys are pure blood wizards so they all have the alleles mm

28. Tom Riddle is a ‘half blood’. His mother was a witch ( mm ) and his father was a muggle His father must have had the alleles Mm so he could give him the other m allele mm Mm mm

29. Hermione is a powerful witch so she must be mm Both her parents are muggles, what is their genotypes to each give Hermione an m Mm mm Mom Dad ? ?

30. What wizarding alleles would Ron and Hermione’s children have ? Ron (mm) Hermione (mm) Children ( ) m m

31. m m Hermione mm Ron Their children could only get the m allele from both parents so they would all be wizards m m m m m m m m

32. What wizarding alleles would Ginny and Dudley’s children have ? If Dudley is Mm Ginny mm Dudley Mm Children WW or mM m M m m

33. m m Ginny Mm Dudley Their children have a 2 in 4 (or 1 in 2) chance of getting the m allele from both parents so they would be wizards They would also have a 1 in 2 chance to get an M allele from Dudley and would be muggles m m m m m M m M

34. What wizarding alleles would Ginny and Dudley’s children have ? If Dudley is MM Ginny mm Dudley MM Children WM m M

35. m m Ginny MM Dudley Their children would get the m allele from Ginny and the M allele from Dudley so they would all be muggles m M m M m M m M

36. What wizarding alleles would you expect Hermione’s brothers and sisters to have ?

37. MMWMM WWm Mrs Granger Mm Mr Granger They would have a 1 in 4 chance of having magical powers They would have a 1 in 4 chance of being MM They would have a 2 in 4 chance (or 1 in 2) of being heterozygous m M m M m m M M