2. Harry Potter and the Recessive Allele How Are Wizards Made?

3. How Are Wizards Made? Being a wizard or a muggle is all decided by genetics. Becoming a wizard is part of heredity. All humans including wizards receive one allele from each parent.

4. What is heredity?What is an allele? The passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring. One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic

5. How Are Wizards Made? The allele for wizarding ability is m. Wizards have the genotype mm. The phenotype is the wizarding ability.

6. What is a phenotype? A phenotype is the expressed trait. It can be an organism’s appearance, or behavior. Not all phenotypes are visible.

7. How Are Wizards Made ? The allele for muggleness is M. Muggles have the genotype Mm or MM M is dominant to m so you can only be a wizard if you have no M allele. m is recessive to M.

8. What is the difference between recessive and dominant? Recessive traits Describe a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for that trait It is represented with a lowercase letter. Dominant Describe a trait that will mask the expression of the corresponding allele. Represented with a capital letter

9. Genotypes can be homozygous or heterozygous! Homozygous traits are traits with two identical alleles. MM or mm. Genotypes can be homozygous dominant MM or homozygous recessive mm. Heterozygous traits are two opposite alleles. Mm. Heterozygous genotypes are ALWAYS dominant to the trait.

10. The Malfoys Lucius Malfoy ( mm ) Narcissa Malfoy ( mm ) Draco Malfoy ( ) The Malfoys are a ‘pure blood’ family. They are homozygous recessive. All their ancestors are wizards so they must have the genotype mm. m m

11. Lily Potter ( mm ) James Potter ( mm ) Harry Potter ( WW ) Both Harry’s parents had magical ability so they must both have been mm. They are also homozygous recessive. They passed these alleles on to Harry. The Potters m m

12. The Weasleys are pure blood wizards so they all have the Genotype mm

13. Hermione is a powerful witch so she must be mm Both her parents are muggles so they must be Mm so they can give her a m allele each Mm mm

14. Tom Riddle is a ‘half blood’. His mother was a witch (mm) and his father was a muggle (Mm) His father must have had the alleles Mm so he could give him the other m allele mm Mm mm

15. Filch is a ‘squib’ He is a wizard that cannot do magic. Both his parents are mm so he should be too. He can’t get an M allele from either parent, but yet he can’t do any magic. This means he has a mutation in his genes so his wizarding powers don’t work. Or it could be, the man he thinks is his father isn’t really, and his mother had an affair with a muggle!

16. What wizarding alleles would Ron and Hermione’s children have ? Ron (mm) Hermione (mm) Children ( ) m m

17. Ron mm Hermione m m Their children could only get the m allele from both parents so they would all be wizards m m m m m m m m

18. What wizarding alleles would Ginny and Dudley’s children have if Dudley is Mm Ginny mm Dudley Mm Children WW or mM m M m m

19. Dudley mM Ginny m m Half of their children would be likely to get the m allele from both parents so they would be wizards The other half would be likely to get an M allele from Dudley and would be muggles m m m m m M m M

20. What wizarding alleles would Ginny and Dudley’s children have ? If Dudley is MM Ginny mm Dudley MM Children W m M

21. Dudley MM Ginny mWM m Their children would get the m allele from Ginny and the M allele from Dudley so they would all be muggles m M m M m M m M

22. What wizarding alleles would you expect Hermione’s brothers and sisters to have?

23. Mr Granger mM Mrs Granger mWWWM M MM The Granger’s children have a one in four chance of getting m alleles from both parents and having magical ability They also have a one in four chance of getting M alleles from both parents and being a muggle They could also get only one m from their mother or father and still be a muggle m M m M m m M M