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Genetics. Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring.

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Presentation on theme: "Genetics. Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring."— Presentation transcript:

1 Genetics

2 Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring.

3 What is a Gene again? A section of a chromosome that controls a specific trait.

4 Alleles Different forms of the same gene.  Example:  Widow’s peak  Each gene has two alleles…one from mom and one from dad.

5 Genetics The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles.

6 Genotype The alleles an individual has for a certain gene.

7 Phenotype The physical expression of an individual’s alleles.

8 Dominant and Recessive Alleles Alleles may be dominant or recessive.  Dominant alleles are always expressed in the phenotype.  Represented by a capital letter  Recessive alleles are covered up when paired with a dominant allele.  Represented by a small case letter

9 Homozygous Both alleles are the same (dominant or recessive).  TT  tt

10 Heterozygous One allele is dominant and one allele is recessive.  Tt

11 Gregor Mendel Father of genetics. Austrian monk. Performed experiments on pea plants.  Studied one trait at a time.  Kept careful records.  Applied mathematics.

12 Definitions Purebred  Always produce offspring that look like the parent. Hybrid  Offspring of parents with different forms of a trait.

13 Punnett Squares A mathematical way to determine probabilities in genetics.


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