1. SSWM Implementation Tools 1 Michael Kropac, seecon international gmbh

2. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

3. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Contents 1.Implementation Tools 2.Hardware 3.Software A)Awareness Raising Tools B)Command & Control Tools C)Economic Tools D)Creating an Enabling Environment 4. References

4. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 4 How can I optimize my local water management and sanitation system and make it more sustainable? SSWM Implementation Tools give a concrete and specific answer to the main question: = „What can I do?“ 1. Implementation Tools

5. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 5...can be technical (Hardware) as well as economic, political and social tools (Software). Seven overarching themes include a large number of different tools to: 1. Implementation Tools… Water Sources Management Water Purification Water Distribution Water and Nutrient Use Wastewater Collection Wastewater Treatment Reuse and Recharge of Nutrients and Water Source: www.sswm.info

6. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 6 Hardwares are… … technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle Save Water ! Save Energy ! Save Money ! Save Nutrients ! … they answer questions like: ？ What technology options exist? ？ How can I design and built them? ？ In which context are they applicable? ？ Can I built them on my own? ？ How much do they cost? ？ How do I maintain and operate them? ？ Etc, etc, etc, etc, etc, etc… Source: www.sswm.info 2. Hardware

7. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 7 Hardwares are… … technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle 2. Hardware These are physical solutions that you can see and touch with your hands such as water filters, toilets, treatment systems or technologies to recycle water and nutrients. Usually, you will nee a combination of different hardware and software tools to really make a sustainable impact. Source: www.sswm.info

8. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 8 Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010] … because hardware is not enough! 3. Software Why software tools?...

9. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 9 Softwares are… … are instruments and set-ups with aim to change the behaviour and attitudes of different actors 3. Software Software tools are a bit "fuzzy", as one cannot really see or touch them. Software tools can also be implemented without combining them with hardware tools. Software tools are divided into four different groups Source: www.sswm.info

10. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 10 What are Software Tools? The SSWM Software Tools are divided into four groups: 3. Software

11. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info... because people pursue goals in accordance with their values and knowledge. Different types of information, education and communication instruments used to initiate behavioural change and to stimulate social pressure towards a more sustainable use of water resources. A) Awareness Raising Tools Tools: Media campaigns Advocacy to influence leaders Empower young people as promoters School campaigns Etc. Source: http://portal.worldwaterforum5.org/wwf5/en- us/Lists/Kyoto%20Prize%20Application%20Form/Attachme nts/68/Tankaposter-%20poster%20guj.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010] 11

12. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Example: Advocacy Advocacy is the action of delivering an argument to gain commitment from political and social leaders and to prepare a society for a particular issue. Influencing and involving important leaders, because political support together with support from community leaders and religious leaders can give a water-related project or campaign a powerful boost. A) Awareness Raising Tools 12 Political support: The mayor of Mymensingh Pourashava has supported the Malgudam community to create a demonstration plot for using toilet bags as fertilizer. Source: http://www.pseau.org/gif/couv_gtz_ecosan_newsletter.gif

13. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info … because people want to avoid the penalties for non-compliance. Direct regulations which government bodies can establish so water users as well as services providers are obliged to comply. B) Command & Control Tools Tools: Prohibitions Restrictions Permits Standards Etc. Source: http://themoderatevoice.com/wordpress- engine/files/2008_july/Stop_Sign.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010] 13

14. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Example: Water Restrictions in Water Use Restrictions, rationing or full prohibitions are legal tools that have a direct impact on the forms of conduct. In water use restrictions, public authorities or independent regulatory agencies establish restrictions and bans that water users and provides are obliged to follow. B) Command & Control Tools 14 Water Policeman in Australia controlling that water is properly used. Source: http://www.ballardian.com/images/water_police.jpg

15. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 15 Example: Australia drought Stages Planning Different concrete stages of water restrictions which can currently be applied in Western Australia Source: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_reg/waub2007297/sch2.html Accessed: 08.06.2010] B) Command & Control Tools Stage  123456 7 Reticulation sprinklers: Daily Alter nate days 3 times/ week Twice weekly Once weekly No sprinklers Sprinkler times: Before 9.00am or after 6.00pm Hose watering of gardens: Any time No hose watering Swimming pools: No restriction No over- filling No topping-upNo filling Car washing:No restrictionBucket only

16. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Example: Water Restrictions in Water Use B) Command & Control Tools Restrictions are a “quick-fix” and not a tool that guarantees a sustainable use of water in the long run Restrictions are a “quick- fix” and not a tool that guarantees a sustainable use of water in the long run. Water use restrictions should be regarded as a last resort tool that can be applied in critical situations 16 Awareness raising campaign on TV in Sydney, watering before 10 am. Source: http://www.sydneywater.com.au/Water4Life/WaterWise/ Accessed: 08.06.2010]

17. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info …. because people want to achieve maximal benefit at minimal cost. Involve the use of prices and other market-based instruments to provide incentives to consumers and all water users to change behaviour. C) Economic Tools Tools: Water pricing (tariffs) Subsidies Charges (irrigation, wastewater) Tradable water rights Etc. Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/november2002.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010] 17

18. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Example: Subsidies A subsidy, also known as a subvention, is a form of financial assistance paid to an individual, a business or an economic sector in order to achieve certain policy objectives. (WSSCC 2009) Subsidies are usually implemented by public authorities but in developing countries non-governmental organizations also implement subsidies. C) Economic Tools 18 A typical subsidy is the subvention from governments to big farmers. Source: http://rothroad.blogspot.com/2009/02/comic- farm-subsidies.html [Accessed: 08.06.2010]

19. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info … because you need a sound framework to establish a sustainable water and sanitation management strategy. These tools are the necessary preconditions for a successful implementation of the other tools. D) Creating an Enabling Environment Tools: Policies and legal framework requirements Building an institutional framework Developing human resources Etc. 19

20. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 20 Example: Building an Institutional Framework An institutional framework for SSWM consists of a range of different organisations that are in place (or need to be in place) to develop and manage water resources and the delivery of water and sanitation services, at different levels of society. (GWP 2008) D) Creating an Enabling Environment Adjudication Pollution Control Conservation and Protection Flood Control and Risk Mitigation Water Treatment and Reuse Wastewater Collection Allocation and Supply of Water Surveillance and Monitoring Regulation, Control and Enforcement Networking, Information Exchange Education and Awareness Raising Policy Formulation SSWM

21. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 21 Building an Institutional Framework: Regulatory Bodies and Enforcement Agencies (GWP 2008) E Extremely important role in establishing and ensuring the effective application of other tools. Functions include: Allocation of water rights, ensuring water quality, monitoring, etc. Setting prices and performance standards for service providers Tools for enforcement: Fines, taxes, penalties, withdrawal of permits and licences etc. T The legitimacy of the regulatory body is critical in ensuring compliance. D) Creating an Enabling Environment Source: https://www.adultsfancydress.co.uk/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=47249

22. SSWM Implementation Tools Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info GWP (2008). Toolbox. Integrated Water Resource Management. Global Water Partnership (GWP). URL: http://www.gwptoolbox.org/ [Accessed: 21.09.2010] WSSCC (2009): Public Funding for Sanitation. The Many Faces of Sanitation Subsidies. Geneva: Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). URL: http://www.wsscc.org/fileadmin/files/pdf/publication/Public_Funding_for_Sanitation_the_many _faces_of_sanitation_subsidies.pdf [Accessed 21.09.2010] http://www.wsscc.org/fileadmin/files/pdf/publication/Public_Funding_for_Sanitation_the_many _faces_of_sanitation_subsidies.pdf 4. References

23. SSWM Implementation Tools 23 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Compiled by: