1. School Campaigns 1 Arne Menn, seecon international gmbh

2. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

3. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 3 Contents 1.School Campaigns 2.Awareness Raising at Schools 3.How to make a School Campaign 4.Ongoing Activities 5.Applicability 6.Advantages and Disadvantages 7.References

4. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 4 From School to Community A good School Campaign finds a balance between provision of sound water and sanitation facilities, and educational, behavioural and promotional aspects. (SCHAAP et al. 2001) If these conditions are created, children come to school, enjoy learning, learn better and take back to their families and communities concepts and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene. 1. School Campaigns Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) education at a primary school in Kenya (2009). source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/3504698564/ [Accessed: 25.04.2010]

5. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 5 Goals Promoting those practices that will help prevent water and sanitation-related diseases Promoting the wise use of water and favourable hygiene behaviour 1. School Campaigns source: IRC 2007 The combination of adequate facilities, correct behavioural practices and education is meant to have a positive impact on the health and hygiene conditions of the community as a whole, both now and in the future.

6. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 6 Why Schools? Schools provide unique opportunities for awareness raising: Reaching thousands of children with water, hygiene and sanitation messages. Schools usually have or can create educational material. They provide an entry point to the community as a whole, because children take back to their families concepts and practices on water and sanitation. 2. Awareness Raising at Schools A school campaign in Nepal: Involving the family and wider community into the programme. source: KROPAC, M. (2009)

7. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 7 Example: School-Led Total Sanitation in Nepal (MOOIJMAN et al. 2010) In Baijalpur village in Kapilvastu, Nepal, school children lead the community sanitation drive. In a country where only 39 per cent of the population have access to a toilet, Baijalpur village is setting an example: Today, every home in the village has a latrine. 1. Step: Training of teachers by UNICEF (2005). 2. Step: Education and training of children of the Shree Pancha Primary School. 3. Step: The children began to campaign and educate their often illiterate parents and neighbours about the benefits of constructing a latrine. 4. Step: After one year, the residents of Baijalpur had achieved the goal of constructing a latrine in all of the 314 homes. 2. Awareness Raising at Schools

8. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 8 Main actors: teachers, children, school heads, parents, the school management committee and parent organisations. Secondary: health workers, other local government workers, members of NGOs and community-based organisations, regional or national government. 3. How to Make a School Campaign The Actors and their Roles: Participation in Planning The vision: Main actors involved and their roles in a school campaign. source: (MOOIJMAN et al. 2010)

9. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 9 Assessment of current conditions Preparation of plans with the involvement of different stakeholders Development of training courses and materials Capacity building of all stakeholders involved Acquisition or development of water and sanitation education guides Construction of facilities and supervision of these construction activities Proper use, operation and maintenance of the facilities Training, re-training, supervision and support of the teachers Monitoring and evaluation 3. How to Make a School Campaign Steps in a School Campaign (IRC 2007)

10. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 10 To prevent rapid run-down of facilities, different kinds of maintenance are necessary: Upkeep, cleaning and maintenance activities to be done by teachers, children and other users on a regular basis. Minor repairs and preventive maintenance such as greasing, bolts, fixing taps, cracks, and broken doors, once a week at least. Major repairs: Village mechanic, block mechanic or engineering divisions 4. Ongoing Activities Operation and Maintenance of Facilities (SNEL 2003) To ensure sustainability, schools and communities should cover all operation and maintenance costs. Possible funding options: Contributions from parents, donations, general school maintenance budget, organisation of income- generating activities

11. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 11 Campaign objectives should be suitable to the children and the country, as specific water, sanitation & hygiene issues may be unique to certain countries, population groups or areas (e.g. traditions/ norms). Usually, implementation of school programmes requires support at regional (or national) level, especially in remote areas. When selecting schools for the campaign one should consider: Useful to start with communities that are prepared and want to participate. Existing basic school infrastructure: Create water and sanitation facilities while basic improvements are made to the school. Involvement of politicians 5. Applicability (IRC 2007)

12. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 12 6. Advantages and Disadvantages Disadvantages: Costs for building/replacing facilities, soap, chlorine etc. Costs for operation maintenance (upkeep, cleaning, repairing) Teachers have to be trained and motivated Implementation usually requires support at regional (or national) level (government, NGO's) Community participation in decision-making can be complicated and takes time Advantages: Schools can easily reach children with water and sanitation messages Important step against spread of diseases and intestinal parasites Process of passing on water and sanitation information and behavioural changes from school to household to community Schools usually provide unique systems for production and dissemination of educational material

13. School Campaigns Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.www.sswm.info 13 7. References IRC (2007): Towards Effective Programming for WASH in Schools: A manual on scaling up programmes for water, sanitation and hygiene in schools (Technical Paper Series No. 48). Delft: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. MOOIJMAN, A., SNEL, M., GANGULY, S., SHORDT, K. (2010): Strengthening Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools – A WASH guidance manual with a focus on South Asia (Technical Paper Series No. 53). The Hague, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. NAGPAL, T. (2010): Clean Start: Focusing on School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Reflection from GWC. Washington D.C.: Global Water Challenge. SCHAAP, W. & VAN STEENBERGEN, F. (2001): Ideas for Water Awareness Campaigns. Stockholm: Global Water Partnership. SNEL, M. (2003): School Sanitation and Hygiene Education. WELL factsheet. Leicestershire: WELL resource centre for water, sanitation and environmental health (Loughborough University).

14. School Campaigns 14 Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture SSWM is an initiative supported by: Compiled by: