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基因工程學 產物 : 重組蛋白質 蛋白質 DNA( 基因 ) mRNA 胰島素缺乏糖尿病 如胰島素, 干擾素等 (93 億美元, 北美,1997)
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Restriction enzyme
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism
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Nonautonomous retrotransposons encode no protein Alu elements contain the sequence AGCT that is recognized by the restriction enzyme AluI. They are present in up to a million copies in the human genome. They can not transpose by themselves. Instead they take advantage of the retrotransposition machinery of other elements, such as LINEs.
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Inducer: IPTG, lactose
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Cut lactose and x-gal
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重組蛋白質 在寄主 (host) 細胞中的表達 E. coli 染色體 質體 基因 優點 產量大 操作易 缺點 no post-translation modification inclusion body not secrete protein 4,000kb
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重組蛋白質 在寄主細胞中的表達 E. coligram-positive bacteria 缺點 B. subtilis not secrete proteinproteases limited vector & promoter “signal” has not found yet
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Figure 22.23 DNA library
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基因工程學 昆蟲細胞 染色體 基因 細胞核 病毒 基因治療 基因食物 receptor
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常見的動物細胞寄主 insect cell-baculovirus mammal-retrovirus chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells immortal cell
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基因工程學 單株抗體生產 Hybridoma 桃莉羊 無細胞核受精卵 + 體細胞細胞核
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質體不穩定
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Growth inhibition
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使用 chemostat 為 bioreactor 其產量將遠大 於 batch 。可是為什麼工業界使用 batch 的比率 遠高於 chemostat ? 1.Secondary products 2.Genetic instability 3.Operability and reliability 4.Market economics
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