1. 16th-17th c. Scientific Revolution Physical and psychological impact

2. Aristotle (384-22 BC) Four Elements: EarthAir FireWater “Prime Mover”

3. Four humours (following Galen (129-c. 216)) BloodYellow Bile PhlegmBlack Bile

4. Jean Buridan (c. 1300-70) and the Theory of Impetus: Aristotle: Buridan:

5. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

6. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Promoting inductive rather than deductive reasoning Need for knowledge to be useful

7. Andreas Vesalius (1514-64) On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) William Harvey (1578-1657) On the Movement of the Heart and Blood (1628)

8. Laws of motion Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) 1591 Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment? Dispensing with Prime Mover

9. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres (1543) Variable speed of planets Heliocentric universe

10. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Planets in elliptical orbits, with variable speeds depending on proximity of sun Magnetic attraction of sun and planets No crystalline spheres

11. 1609 Galileo builds telescope Observing the moon Sunspots Planets as orbs, incl. Jupiter with its moons Heliocentrism

12. 1616 Pope condemns Galileo’s heliocentric model of universe 1633 Galileo condemned by Inquisition, forced to recant 1638 Galileo goes blind, keeps working