2. Collapse of the Soviet Union Collapse of the Soviet Union Engaging power point presentation

3. Pair-Share Describe what you see in the cartoon Describe what you see in the cartoon Predict why communism will fail in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Predict why communism will fail in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

4. Objective Students will be able to analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union by writing a paragraph summary. Students will be able to analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union by writing a paragraph summary.

5. CA Standard 10.9.7: Analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics. 10.9.7: Analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics.

6. Sample Cornell Note Paper Communism Fails Write questions on the left side Write lecture notes on the right side

7. Film Clip: The Sound of Stalin

8. I. Soviet Leaders A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953 1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader “Support the United States rulers is rather in the nature of the support that the rope gives to a hanged man.”

9. I. Soviet Leaders A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953 1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader a. Destalinization (1) denounced Stalin for killing innocent Soviets (2) destroyed Stalin monuments (3) reburied his body outside the Kremlin b. maintained tight control on satellite nations c. 1959 China acts independently of the USSR (1)Kruschev refused to share nuclear secrets to punish them (2)stopped all economic aid

10. 2. Leonid Breshnev, 1964 a. repressive domestic policies (1) limited basic human rights = speech, worship, censorship (1) limited basic human rights = speech, worship, censorship “I shall add that only he who has decided to commit suicide can start a nuclear war in the hope of emerging a victor from it. No matter what the attacker might possess, no matter what method of unleashing nuclear war he chooses, he will not attain his aims. Retribution will inevitably ensue. “

11. Nixon announces Détente President Nixon announces that the USA wants to start ending the Cold War he visits China in early 1972 he meets with the Russians and agrees to reduce the number of nuclear missiles in the SALT treaty

12. 3. Détente’ a. a policy of lessening Cold War tensions (Nixon) b. SALT (1972) – Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1)limited the number of missiles and nuclear submarines each country could have

13. 4. Realpolitik (realistic politics) a. Dealing with other nations in a practical & flexible manner b. Personal & political shift c. Nixon: 1st president to visit communist China and the Soviet Union Mao Zedong Richard Nixon

14. “The Big Gipper” Ronald Reagan becomes president in 1980 and announces an end to Détente and starts the Strategic Defense Initiative (also known as Star Wars) and starts a massive increase in military spending “The Soviets... have enough accurate and powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our missiles on the ground.”

15. Pair-Share List the problems with communism List the problems with communism

16. II. Problems under Communism A. Totalitarian State 1. rewarded silence, death or jail for speaking out a. society rarely changed (no new ideas) 2. No incentive to work hard a. no extra pay for more work 3. Economic control by the government caused shortages and surpluses a. people waited hours in line for food that had gone bad 4. Could no longer afford to keep up with the U.S. in the arms race a. billions spent on space and military had broken the government

17. Mikhail Gorbachev “More socialism means more democracy, openness and collectivism in everyday life.”

18. B. Mikhail Gorbachev (reform minded)- 1982 1. Glasnost (openness) a. encouraged discussion on how to improve society b. allowed churches to open c. re-printed banned books d. reports allowed to report truthfully on the condition of government e. released critics from prison

19. 2. Perestroika (economic restructuring) a. allowed people to open small private businesses b. gave managers authority over farms & factories (1) he wanted to make Communism more efficient

20. 3. democratization (political openness) a. held open elections (voted reforms in) b. urged satellite nations to open economic political systems (1.) Poland and Hungary voted out Communism and became democratic

21. III. Germany reunites, 1989 A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to escape into Austria in order to get into West Germany 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out) a. Riots and demonstrations broke out

22. III. Germany reunites, 1989 A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to escape into Austria in order to get into West Germany 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out) a. Riots and demonstrations broke out 2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin Wall a. families reunited and discovered the inequality and corruption they had been living under a. families reunited and discovered the inequality and corruption they had been living under (1)Communist government was forced to resign

24. Film Clip: Changes with Soviet Bloc

25. III. Germany reunites, 1989 A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to escape into Austria in order to get into West Germany 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out) a. Riots and demonstrations broke out 2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin Wall a. families reunited and discovered the inequality and corruption they had been living under (1)Communist government was forced to resign 3. October 3, 1990 Germany reunited under democracy with permission of the United Nations a. East Germany had be completely rebuilt b. Czechoslovakia and Romania become democratic soon after

26. IV. The Soviet Union Collapses A. 1990 Lithuania declares independence 1. USSR attacked unarmed civilians fearing other republics would secede B. The August Coup 1. Gorbachev resigns (demanded) 2. Boris Yeltsin becomes leader

27. Pair-Share What do you predict will happen to the Soviet Union? What do you predict will happen to the Soviet Union?

28. IV. The Soviet Union Collapses A. 1990 Lithuania declares independence 1. USSR attacked unarmed civilians fearing other republics would secede B. The August Coup 1. Gorbachev resigns (demanded) 2. Boris Yeltsin becomes leader 3. By December all 15 republics declared independence

29. TThe artist for this cartoon uses the symbol of the USSR, the hammer and sickle. IIn 1991, the USSR (hammer and sickle) has been smashed into 15 pieces. EEach piece of the broken symbol represents one of the 15 Soviet republics, which became independent of the dominant Russian Republic.

30. The Cold Warisover!

31. Film Clip: The Hoff-Berlin Wall

32. Sample Cornell Note Paper Communism Fails Write a paragraph Summary