1. Working group L-EPPR 03 June 2014 International environmental and propulsion performance requirements for L-category vehicles – OBD expert group On-board diagnostic performance criteria for MI activation EC perspectives EPPR-07-21e

2. On-board diagnostics Objectives introduction harmonised OBD requirements in EU type-approval legislation Primary benefits Effective and efficient vehicle repair Providing level playing field for authorised and independent repairers Secondary benefits Improving environmental protection Improving functional safety

3. On-board diagnostics Convenient access to standardised on-board diagnostic information is the first step in successful repair of a broken vehicle; Successful repair: Efficient: repairer can fast identify the smallest identifiable or exchangeable “broken” unit; Effective: repairer replaces or repairs that part that is actually broken. Prerequisite for successful repair: easy accessible and cheap availability of relevant diagnostic data Off-board diagnostic data On-board diagnostic data

4. 4 Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD Vehicle owners and consumers, among others: in warranty period no additional repair cost; after warranty period expired possibly additional repair cost may arise depending on leniency of the industry and quality of product; loss of confidence in OBD in case of false detection; feelings in the ranges between indifferent, concerned, insecure, anxious and panic. Vehicle manufacturers, Tier I / II suppliers and repairers, among others: = WARRANTY and field returns (significant burden in comparison to burden of development, verification and validation in the development phase of the vehicle; = Loss of quality image and reputation; Additional revenue from vehicle repairs after expiry warranty period.

5. On-board diagnostics On-board diagnostics, functional requirements Starting point UN R83, chapter 11 (partly, excluding OBD stage II functionality). OBD Stage I in EU type approval legislation and initially proposed in EPPR-06-14e: Monitors for any electric / electronic circuit failure of the emissions control system and reports those failures which results in the OBD emission thresholds being exceeded; Reports the triggering of any default mode which significantly reduces engine torque; Applicable for all propulsion unit types (combustion engine, hybrid and pure electric propulsion units)

6. On-board diagnostics On-board diagnostics, environmental requirements Starting point UN R83, chapter 11 (partly) and its appendix 1 Harmonised environmental test type VIII based on test type I emission test cycle (WMTC)

7. On-board diagnostics MI activation performance criteria (B.2 point 4) Proposal EPPR-06-14e not accepted by L-EPPR group concerning MI activation performance criteria EC submitted compromise proposal EPPR-07-14e providing two alternatives to Contracting Parties: 1.Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is set and stored (mode $03) as a result of a malfunctioning device or of its failing electric / electronic circuit as listed in table B.2.2.-1; OR

8. On-board diagnostics EC submitted compromise proposal EPPR-07-14e providing two alternatives to Contracting Parties ct'd: 2Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is set and stored (mode $03) as a result of a malfunctioning device or of its failing electric / electronic circuit as listed in table B.2.2.-1; AND 2A.the resulting increased tailpipe emissions are exceeding the applicable OBD emission thresholds; OR 2B.the ECU / PCU triggered a torque limiting default mode which is permanently applied in the key cycle only if resulting in a significant reduction of propulsion unit torque (noticeable by the grand majority of the riders.

9. On-board diagnostics 2A. OR2B.

10. On-board diagnostics Pros and cons alternatives 1 and 2: Alternative 1 (imposed MI activation independent of objective and technology neutral performance criteria): Simple and effective in development and approval phases before start of production, possibly reduced burden both for the industry and authorities); Little incentive for vehicle manufacturer to equip the vehicle with an OBD system in line with the spirit of the OBD requirements; Significant risk of high financial burden to vehicle manufacturers and suppliers in terms of warranty and field returns of the fleet; Significant risk of loss of confidence from consumers if the MI is activated and there is no actual serious concern present.

11. On-board diagnostics Pros and cons alternatives 1 and 2: Alternative 2 (objective and technology neutral performance criteria): More complex in development and approval phases before start of production, possibly higher burden both for the industry and authorities in comparison to alternative 1; Multiple incentives for vehicle manufacturers to equip the vehicle with an OBD system in line with the spirit of the OBD requirements; Financial burden to vehicle manufacturers and suppliers in terms of warranty and field returns can be better controlled by themselves and burden may be reduced in comparison to alternative 1; Little risk of loss of confidence from consumers as OBD system robustness is at a significantly higher level.

12. On-board diagnostics Torque limiting default mode: default mode triggered by ECU / PCU permanently resulting within key cycle to operate propulsion unit on less than 90% of normal torque (noticeable by majority of riders) Torque limitation methods for e.g. PI combustion engine: Cap or reduce fuel delivery; Cap or reduce air delivery; Retard spark delivery; Each torque limiting method has technical pros and cons

13. 13 Torque limiting default mode

14. 14 Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD Summary The EC proposes to maximise the benefits and to reduce as much as possible the adverse effects both for consumers and manufacturers when requiring obligatory introduction of OBD by: Storing DTCs related to the listed monitors in table B.2.2.-1 as well as related to any other electronic powertrain component connected to a computer relevant for environmental performance or if triggering a torque limiting default mode (point 2.3.5.) Applying technology neutral and objective performance criteria to activate the MI only in case of a serious problem with the vehicle: environmental problem when exceeding the OBD thresholds; significant reduction of propulsion unit torque indicating a serious environmental problem or any other serious failure leading to significant torque reduction.

15. 15 Possible effects obligatory introduction OBD Key messages: 1.Consumers should be provided with the necessary incentives such as low repair cost, transparent and harmonised diagnostic information to justify effective and efficient repair, MI activation only in case of a serious problems with the vehicle in order to increase acceptance and have confidence in OBD; 2.Level playing field for vehicle repairers and manufacturers should be created by requiring harmonised OBD requirements and providing market demand incentives to vehicle manufacturers to apply OBD according to the spirit of the legislation; 3.Improved environmental protection will be a logical consequence from key messages 1 and 2.

16. Further information: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive Status of EU legislation, links to Directives, Regulations and other useful information. http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29age.html Status of UNECE Regulations and GTRs, proposals, working documents and working groups. Thank you for your attention