1. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Overview on Human Factors Tools for Aviation Psychology Univ. Prof. Dr. K. Wolfgang Kallus University Graz Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology

2. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 HF Tools by Type Analysis Tools Assessment Tools Design Tools Evaluation Tools HF Knowledge Tools HF Program Tools HF Safety Tools FAA Human Factors Workbench http://www.hf.faa.gov/Portal/ToolsByTypeTally.aspx

3. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Analysis Tools Additional Tools(5) Function Allocation Tools(3) Function Analysis Tools(5) Link Analysis(1) Modelling Tools(3) Task Analysis(10) Time and Motion Analysis(4) Assessment Tools Automation(1) Behaviorally Based Performance Rating Scale(1) Knowledge Elicitation Tools(1) Need Assessment Tools(1) Observation Tools(1) Situation Awareness Tools(4) Workload Assessment Tools(2) HF Tools by Type 1/2 Design Tools Design Guidelines / Standards(1 1) Prototyping Tools(3) Usability Guidelines(2) Evaluation Tools ATC-Performance Measurement Database(1) Critical Incident Method(1) HEDGE (1) Interview(6) Observation Tools(1) Questionnaire(2) Secondary Task Monitoring(1)

4. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 HF Knowledge Tools Abbreviations (2) HF Glossary (1) HF Program Tools Cost / Risk / Benefit Tools (6) HF Planning Guidelines (10) Human Engineering Guidelines (9) HF Safety Tools Risk Assessment (6) Risk Prediction (6) HF Tools by Type 2/2

5. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Workload Assessment Tools Workload Assessment Tool NASA Task Load Index HF Tools by Type - Assessment Tools

6. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Description The Air Traffic Workload Input Technique (ATWIT; Stein, 1985) measures mental workload in “real-time” by presenting auditory and visual cues that prompt a controller to press one of seven buttons on the workload assessment keypad (WAK) within a specified amount of time to indicate the amount of mental workload experienced at that moment. The ATWIT tool has been developed and has been in use at the FAA Technical Center. Evaluation “While controllers showed some initial reluctance to use the ATWIT system, they all managed to integrate it into their behavioral repertoire during training. The task did add somewhat to their workload; but during interviews, they indicated that ATWIT responses became easier to accomplish with training. Most indicated that if they missed a response, it was because they were completely occupied (Stein,1985).” Workload Assessment Tool Stein, E.S. (1985). Air traffic controller workload: An examination of workload probe.(Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-TN84/24). Atlantic City, NJ: Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center.

7. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 NASA Task Load Index Description NASA-TLX is a subjective, post-hoc workload assessment tool. NASA-TLX allows users to perform subjective workload assessments on operator(s) working with various human-machine systems. NASA-TLX is a multi- dimensional rating procedure that derives an overall workload score based on a weighted average of ratings on six subscales. The subscales include Mental Demands, Physical Demands, Temporal Demands, Own Performance, Effort and Frustration. Hart, S.G., & Staveland, L.E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In P.A. Hancock and N. Meshkati (Eds.) Human mental workload (pp.139-183). Amsterdam: North-Holland.

8. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 BAuA - The Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Finding methods Content all methods of the toolbox orienting purpose screening purpose experts purpose methods for behavioral prevention overview with respect to keywords overview with respect to methods overview with respect to authors Toolbox statistic http://www.baua.de/de/Informationen-fuer-die-Praxis/Handlungshilfen-und- Praxisbeispiele/Toolbox/Instrumente_2C_20Verfahren_20finden.html__nnn=true

9. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Tools in Work- and Environmental Psychology organisation objective/subjective …team objective/subjective individual objective/subjective/physiological planning simulation performance workload safety multilevel operation performance workload safety multilevel Evaluation ….. level purpose

10. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Thank you for your attention!

11. Department of Psychology Work-, Organisational-, and Environmental Psychology Copyright: K. Wolfgang Kallus 2006 Indikator–/ Indikandbeziehungen im Mehrebenenansatz – ENGLISCH! XXX „Reaktionsebenen“ Messebene Physiologie/ Biochemie Befinden Individuelles Verhalten/ Handlungen Interaktion Organisation/ Manifestationen Physiologische Messungen X(X) X(-) Befragung/ Interviews XXXXX Beobachtungs- interviews (X) XX- Beobachtung direkt - indirekt (X) XX Analyse von Dokumenten (X)---X Analyse von Manifestationen (-)-(X) X