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09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 1 CSC005 – Overview Of Computer Science.

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Presentation on theme: "09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 1 CSC005 – Overview Of Computer Science."— Presentation transcript:

1 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 1 CSC005 – Overview Of Computer Science

2 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 2 Course Description Introduction to fundamental concepts in computer hardware and software. Exploration of the history and evolution of computing, and foundational areas of current computer science research. Algorithms, program development, and problem solving. Elements and use of a high-level programming language. Prerequisites: None

3 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 3 Text Required Text: Computer Science Illuminated, Second Edition Nell Dale, Ph.D., University of Texas, Austin, John Lewis, Villanova University ISBN 13: 9780763726263 ISBN 10: 0763726265 Price: $81.95 (Sugg. US List) Cover: Paperback Pages: 699 Copyright: 2004

4 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 4 Grading Several assignments mid-term and end-term Class participation Final project or paper No make-up test or extended deadlines

5 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 5 Point Allocation Assignments 1-3: 5% each Final Project:30% Mid-Term:25% End-Term:25% Participation: 5%

6 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 6 Attendance Not Mandatory, but… …you’ll probably fail! Participation is very important Let me know if you can’t make it

7 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 7 Course Schedule Chapter 1: The Big Picture Chapter 2: Binary Values and Number Systems Chapter 3: Data Representation Chapter 4: Gates and Circuits Chapter 5: Computing Components Chapter 6: Problem Solving and Algorithm Design Chapter 7: Low-Level Programming Languages Chapter 8: High-Level Programming Languages Chapter 9: Abstract Data Types and Algorithms Chapter 10: Operating Systems Chapter 11: File Systems and Directories Chapter 12: Information Systems Chapter 13: Artificial Intelligence Chapter 14: Simulation and Other Applications Chapter 15: Networks Chapter 16: The World Wide Web Chapter 17: Limitations of Computing

8 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 8 Slides, Links & News www.cs.hofstra.edu/~cscvjc/Fall06

9 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 9 Class Rules Assignments are to be completed individually Academic honesty taken very seriously Be selfless! – You are part of a community

10 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 10 Chapter 1 Introduction – The Big Picture

11 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 11 Computing systems are dynamic! What is the difference between hardware and software? Computing Systems

12 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 12 Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard…) Software The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute Computing Systems

13 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 13 Communication Application Operating System Programming Hardware Information Layers of a Computing System

14 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 14 Abstraction A mental model that removes complex details This is a key concept. Abstraction will reappear throughout the text – be sure to understand it! Abstraction

15 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 15 Abacus An early device to record numeric values Blaise Pascal Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide & multiply Joseph Jacquard Jacquard’s Loom, the punched card Charles Babbage Analytical Engine Early History of Computing

16 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 16 Ada Lovelace First Programmer, the loop Alan Turing Turing Machine, Artificial Intelligence Testing Harvard Mark I, ENIAC, UNIVAC I Early computers launch new era in mathematics, physics, engineering and economics Early History of Computing

17 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 17 Vacuum Tubes Large, not very reliable, generated a lot of heat Magnetic Drum Memory device that rotated under a read/write head Card Readers  Magnetic Tape Drives Sequential auxiliary storage devices First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)

18 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 18 Transistor Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable, cheap Magnetic Cores Replaced magnetic drums, information available instantly Magnetic Disks Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965)

19 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 19 Integrated Circuits Replaced circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable. Transistors Now used for memory construction Terminal An input/output device with a keyboard and screen Third Generation Hardware (1965-1971)

20 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 20 Large-scale Integration Great advances in chip technology PCs, the Commercial Market, Workstations Personal Computers were developed as new companies like Apple and Atari came into being. Workstations emerged. Fourth Generation Hardware (1971- ?)

21 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 21 Parallel Computing Computers rely on interconnected central processing units that increase processing speed. Networking With the Ethernet small computers could be connected and share resources. A file server connected PCs in the late 1980s. ARPANET and LANs  Internet Parallel Computing and Networking

22 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 22 Machine Language Computer programs were written in binary (1s and 0s) Assembly Languages and translators Programs were written in artificial programming languages and were then translated into machine language Programmer Changes Programmers divide into application programmers and systems programmers First Generation Software (1951-1959)

23 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 23 High Level Languages Use English-like statements and make programming easier. Fortran, COBOL, Lisp are examples. High-Level Languages Assembly Language Machine Language Second Generation Software (1959-1965)

24 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 24 Third Generation Software (1965-1971) Systems Software utility programs, language translators, and the operating system, which decides which programs to run and when. Separation between Users and Hardware Computer programmers began to write programs to be used by people who did not know how to program

25 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 25 Application Package Systems Software High-Level Languages Assembly Language Machine Language Third Generation Software (1965-1971)

26 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 26 Structured Programming Pascal, C, C++ New Application Software for Users Spreadsheets, word processors, database management systems Fourth Generation Software (1971-1989)

27 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 27 Microsoft The Windows operating system, and other Microsoft application programs dominate the market Object-Oriented Design Based on a hierarchy of data objects (i.e. Java) World Wide Web Allows easy global communication through the Internet New Users Today’s user needs no computer knowledge Fifth Generation Software (1990- present)

28 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 28 Programmer / User Applications Programmer (uses tools) User with No Computer Background Systems Programmer (builds tools) Domain-Specific Programs Computing as a Tool

29 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 29 Computing as a Discipline What can be (efficiently) automated? Four Necessary Skills 1.Algorithmic Thinking 2.Representation 3.Programming 4.Design

30 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 30 Is Computer Science a mathematical, scientific, or engineering discipline? What do you think? Computing as a Discipline

31 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 31 Systems Areas of Computer Science Algorithms and Data Structures Programming Languages Architecture Operating Systems Software Methodology and Engineering Human-Computer Communication

32 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 32 Application Areas of Computer Science Numerical and Symbolic Computation Databases and Information Retrieval Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Graphics Organizational Informatics Bioinformatics

33 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 33 Social Networking Social Networking - Bringing People Together Through Collaboration, Content Syndication, Folksonomy, Web Service, Web 2.0 Jabber/XMPP - Open Alternative To Instant Messaging Tools - Collaboration With Wiki's, Joomla, del.icio.us, Protopage, GooglePages Social Sites – Flickr, MySpace, YouTube

34 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 34 The Long Tail Coined by Chris Anderson in Oct, 2004 Wired article XY: Popularity vs Inventory Total volume of low popularity items exceeds the volume of high popularity items Key factor: cost of inventory storage and distribution It can be economically viable to sell relatively unpopular products

35 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 35 The Long Tail Coined by Chris Anderson in Wired

36 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 36 Making A Difference [Apple Advertisement, 10/13] “It’s unfolded before your eyes. The revolution that is iPod first took the music scene by storm. Further spiced things up with full-color photos. Added a full complement of podcasts to the mix. And now iPod has turned the world topsy- turvy once again with video, letting you carry up to 150 hours of video wherever you go. Imagine: With iPod, you can play the DJ one minute. Rock with the latest Madonna or U2 music videos the next. Then get lost with “Lost”—or any of the other TV shows or short films now available for purchase and download from the iTunes Music Store. “ The Long Tail is becoming reality!!!

37 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 37 Social Networking

38 09/06/06 Hofstra University – Overview of Computer Science, CSC005 38 Have A Good Week

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