1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2. General Information Muscles account for 50% of body weight Protects organs –What organs? Gives body shape and posture Provides movement –Muscles contract to cause the movement How many muscles in human body? –Over 600 muscles Changes potential energy into kinetic energy –POTENTIAL ENERGY- is energy that is stored within an object (in this case our muscles), not in motion but capable of becoming active –KINETIC ENERGY - energy in motion

3. Parts of the muscle Origin –The less movable of the two attachments Belly –The fleshy center part of the muscle Insertion –The more movable attachment –Where movement takes place Picture

4. TENDONS ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES TENDONS ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES

5. TYPES OF MUSCLE TYPES OF MUSCLEVOLUNTARY –Muscles that you have control over –Skeletal INVOLUNTARY –Can contract without you telling it to -The brain mainly controls these types of movements –Smooth CARDIAC –Heart

6. Smooth Muscle Help control breathing, blood pressure, and the movements of the digestive system Reacts slowly Tires slowly

7. Cardiac Muscle Also is an involuntary muscle Hardest working muscle in body Contraction of cardiac muscle fibers make the heart beat

8. Skeletal Muscle Associated with the bones of the body Moves the skeleton (bones) Fast and powerful movements Tire quickly Composition of skeletal muscle Composition of skeletal muscle –Fiber: individual muscle cell, can be up to 1 foot long. –Bundle: a group of muscle fibers –Skeletal muscle is made up of a group of bundles

9. Action of Skeletal Muscles Action of Skeletal Muscles Muscles work by contracting (shortening) Muscles always work in pairs. –Ex: Biceps and Triceps One contracts while other extends Skeletal muscles contract only when they receive a message from a nerve to do so. –Nerves message is carried from brain and spinal cord to muscle

10. Action (ALL or NONE) No such thing as a weak or strong contraction of a muscle fiber When a muscle fiber receives a message to contract it does so Strength of muscle contraction depends on how many muscle fibers receive the message to contract

11. Major Muscles and What They Move Major Muscles and What They Move 1.Sternocleidomastoid Turns head 2.Deltoid Raises upper arm 3.Pectorals Moves arms across chest 4.Biceps Raises lower arm 5.Rectus abdonimis Flexes torso 6.External obliques Assists in breathing 7.Quadriceps Straightens and raises leg

12. Major Muscles and What They Move 8.Trapezius Raises shoulder 9.Latissimus Dorsi Lowers upper arm 10.Triceps Lowers Forearm 11.Gluteus Maximus Extends thigh 12.Hamstrings Bends leg at knee 13.Gastrocnemius Extends or lowers foot

13. How do your muscles get BIGGER?!?! Discuss with your partner next to you the following question: –How do your muscles get bigger?

14. BIGGER MUSCLES (continued) When you work out your muscles cells (muscle fibers) get bigger They get bigger by creating small “tears” in the muscle fiber Your muscle rebuilds muscle in the tear filling in the open gap

15. Rep Range Percent of 1 Rep Max Goal Desired 1-5 reps 85% - 100% Strength and Power 6-8 75% - 85% Strength 9-12 70% - 75% Some Strength and some muscle endurance 13-20 + 60% - 70% Muscle Endurance and Little Muscle Strength

16. Group Discussion If you were to work out and have big muscles and then one day stop working out, do your muscles turn into fat? Explain why they do or why they do not.

17. Problems of the Muscular System Torn Muscle –Muscle has been torn or pulled away from the bone or has been damaged within itself –Results from overworking muscle or a severe or suddenly pull or strain on a muscle –May require surgery and takes up to 3-4 months to heal Muscle Strain Any type of soreness that develops in a muscle because of overuse. It is caused by small tears to the muscle or tendon Takes anywhere from 1-3 weeks to heal Takes anywhere from 1-3 weeks to heal

18. Problems of the Muscular System Cramped Muscle –Muscle will involuntarily remain contracted rather than relaxed –Prevention: Stretching before and after activity Hydrate (H20 and electrolytes) Avoid excessive exercise in hot weather –Remedies: Stretch, rest, and more H20 Muscular Dystrophy –group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue –Occurs because bodies inability to produce proteins for muscle production –No cure but ways to better lives of people with disorder –Genetic Disorder

19. STEROIDS How Do Anabolic Steroids Work ? –Anabolic steroids are drugs that resemble the chemical structure of the body's natural sex hormone testosterone, which is made naturally by the body. –Testosterone directs the body to produce or enhance male characteristics such as increased muscle mass, facial hair growth, and deepening of the voice, and is an important part of male development during puberty. –When anabolic steroids increase the levels of testosterone in the blood, they stimulate muscle tissue in the body to grow larger and stronger. –However, the effects of too much testosterone circulating in the body can be harmful over time.

20. DANGERS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS Physical Start to develop traits of the opposite sex Oily Skin Severe Acne Heart Problems Problems with: –Liver –Kidney –Muscles –Bones Bones Mental/Emotional –Mentally Addicting –Depression –Suicide –Roid Rage When a person becomes extremely violent and aggressive –Self Absorbed Don’t care about anyone or anything else

21. Taking Care of Your Muscles Nutrition –Eat a variety of foods Aerobic Exercise –Running, swimming, cycling Running, swimming, cyclingRunning, swimming, cycling Strength Training Strength Training –Weight Lifting Weight LiftingWeight LiftingStretching –Before and after exercise Before and after exerciseBefore and after exercise

22. BMI BMI Calculator BMI Calculator

23. http://3dscience.com/sub- category.asp?cID=18 http://3dscience.com/sub- category.asp?cID=18 http://www.jdenuno.com/6~Muscles. htm http://www.jdenuno.com/6~Muscles. htm http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/s cience/biological_sciences/lab15/biol ab15_2.html#Muscular http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/s cience/biological_sciences/lab15/biol ab15_2.html#Muscular