1. Local self-governmental in Turkey ???

2. Local Governments- A General View Constitutional Framework:  Article 123 : “The organisation and functions of the administration are based on the principles of centralization and local administration.”  Article 127: “Local administrative bodies are public corporate entities established to meet the common local needs of the inhabitants of provinces, municipal districts and villages, whose decision-making organs are elected by the electorate as described in law, and whose principles of structure are also determined by law.”

3. Local Governments- A General View 81 Special Administrations 16 Metropolitain Municipalities 2941 Municipalities 34.414 Villages

4. Local Governments- A General View (situation after local elections of 2014 51 Special Administrations 30 Metropolitain Municipalities 1413 Municipalities 18.313 Villages

5. Special Provincial Administrations Founded automatically by the establishment of a new province. Organs: Presidence: appointed prefect Provincial council: elected councillors representing towns (a party-list proportional representation with a local threshold of 10%) Permanent commission: gathering elected councillors and appointed bureaucrats under the presidence of the prefect

6. Special Provincial Administrations Domains of competency :  Provincial functions: Services related to health, youth and sports, agriculture, industry and trade, public works and housing, land conservation, erosion prevention, culture, arts, tourism, social services and support, micro-credits, kindergartens and orphanages, as well as primary schools  Rural functions: urban planning, infrastructure construction (roads, water, sewerage, solid waste etc.), emergency assistance and recovery, reforestation as well as creation of parks and gardens Preparation of provincial environmental plans bilaterally with metropolitan or central (chef lieu of the province) municipalities the dissolution of the general directorate of rural affairs and transfer of all its competencies, equipment, personnel and organization

7. Metropolitain Governments Introduced in for the largest cities, providing for increased autonomy and urban planning powers that were previously controlled by the central government. These metropolitan municipalities have a larger budget than other cities because, in addition to the share of the national budget allocated to municipalities according to population, they received 3% of the taxes collected in the city. In addition, the mayors of these cities enjoy substantial rights of veto and modification with regard to the decisions of the metropolitan and district municipal councils.

8. Metropolitain Governments- Organs Metropolitain Mayor: Elected directly Metropolitan council: 20% of municipal councillors of each of the districts included in the metropolitain zone Permanent commission: Gathering councillors (elected by the council) and appointed bureaucrats under the presidence of the metropolitain mayor

9. Metropolitain Governments- Responsibilities Planning (strategic, urban, environmental etc.) Transportation (infrastructure, services etc.) Built environment Geographic Information Systems Environmental protection Food safety Urban police Socio-cultural and sportif organisations Disaster management

10. Municipalities TotalPercentageMetropolitainChef-lieu Metropolitain District TownsCommuns Population 2950 16651437491977 0-1999 92631,4% 52874 2000-4999 113338,4% 218915 5000-9999 32711,1% 5177145 10000-24999 2277,7% 21117539 25000-49999 893,0% 619613 50000-99999 963,3% 2317551 100000-249999 672,3% 243211 250000-499999 541,8%11043 500000-999999 230,8%7 16 >1000000 80,3%8 Municipalities can be founded in all provincial centers and towns and in settlements with a population above 5000 habitants (previously 2000). Yet due to political reasons, the municipal identity of towns with populations below this threshold is still maintained.

11. Organs Same structure as the metropolitan municipalities except that the councillors are elected through a system based on d’Hont method with a local threshold of 10% in a single tour.

12. Municipalities- Main Responsibilities Urban infrastructure Geographic Information systems Environmental and public health issues Urban traffic Parks and recreation Housing Social and cultural services Economic development Construction and maintenance of schools

13. Villages Settlements with a population under 2000 habitants acquire the status of village. Village has three organs:  muhtar (village or neighborhood headman)  Elected directlty without a party allegiance  Village association:  Consists of all the electorate of the village  Elects the muhtar  Determines the salary of the muhtar  Determines the facultatif services Village Comission  Elected by the village association without candidacy  Imam and the teacher are natural members  Meets weekly to deliberate issues of the village

14. Villages-Responsibilities Two types of responsibility Mandatory Tasks  Health and social aid (help the poor and the families of soldiers, drying the marshes etc.)  Public constructions (wells, fountains, toilets etc.)  Security (precautions against wild animals, disaster relief etc.)  Culture and education (school, prayer rooms etc.)  Agricultural (forestering, evironmental protection etc.)  Economic (opening of shops etc.) Facultatif tasks:

15. Mandatory TasksFacultatif Tasks Health and social aidhelp the poor and the families of soldiers, drying the marshes etc. Economic and social assistance to the poor Public constructionswells, fountains, toilets etc. Construction and maintenance of roads, pavements et. Securityprecautions against wild animals, disaster relief etc. Culture and educationschool, prayer rooms etc.Inviting different artisans, providing books, organising sporting events etc. Agriculturalforestering, evironmental protection etc. Parcs, buying agricultural machines, farming the collective fields etc. Economicopening of shops etcBuilding of markets, selling local products, arranging credits etc.