1. Chapter 5 Lesson 2 part 3
The Pyramid Tombs

2. Pyramid Tombs p. 113 Purpose – to hold the bodies of pharaohs
built to honor their ruler
protected the bodies from floods, wild animals, and grave robbers
Held the things the pharaoh might need in the afterlife (clothing, weapons, furniture, and jewelry)
Design –
Triangle-shaped tombs
Sat on a square base with a north entrance (to find true north, they studied the sky)
Made of stone blocks
Covered the area of several city blocks
Built so well that centuries later, many of them still stand over the desert sands
Today, archeologists can study the pyramids and the treasures because they have been so well preserved. They help us learn more about Ancient Egyptian life.

3. How were the pyramids built? P. 113
Who?
Thousands of people worked for many years- Farmers (during the summer months/flooded season), surveyors, engineers, carpenters, stonecutters, and enslaved people
First engineer = Imhotep (he was also an official / bureaucrat for the pharaoh)
They had to figure out the amount of stone and the angles for the walls – they developed and used mathematics and geometry to do this
How?
Workers search for stone throughout the Nile River valley or in Upper Egypt
Then, Artisans used copper tools to cut the stone into huge blocks
Next, workers used rope (remember- 1st to invent this?!) to fasten the blocks onto wooden sleds. Sleds are pulled along a path made of logs to the Nile River
There, the stones were moved onto barges (large flat boats) that carried them to the building site.
Workers unloaded the blocks and dragged or pushed them up ramps to be set in place at each new level of the pyramid
How were the pyramids built? P. 113

7. Shadoof lifting devices with counter-weights
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8. Illustration to show how teams would work in the final stages of pyramid construction. Some counter ramps are constructed on the same face of the pyramid as the ramps for the stones

10. Challenges Leading to Scientific Discoveries p. 114-115
Remember that each pyramid rested on a square-shaped foundation with an entrance facing north? To find north, they had to study to skies which is called Astronomy
With the knowledge of the astronomy, they created the 365 day calendar with 12 months divided into three seasons. Each month was 30 days long. This calendar became the basis for our modern calendar.
They had to calculate how much stone was needed to build the pyramid which is Mathematics.
To do that, they invented a system of written numbers based on 10
They had to measure angles in order to construct he pyramid’s walls which is Geometry
They also created fractions using them with whole numbers to add, subtract, and divide.

11. An Egyptian Wonder p. 115
1. c BC build The Great Pyramid of Khufu
10 miles south of the modern city Cairo
Oldest and largest of three pyramids still standing in Giza on the Nile’s west bank.
Is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient Word and the only one to remain largely intact
48 stories tall = over 500 ft
Extends over 9 football fields
More than 2 million stone blocks – each block weighing more than 2.5 tons
For more than 4,000 years, it was the tallest structure in the world
2. The Great Sphinx --Not a pyramid!

12. p. 115 Graphic This graphic is an image of the pyramids at Giza.
Read the caption.
What did you learn about the graphic?
Which pyramid is larger?
What other pyramids are mentioned here?

13. p. 114 Inside a Tomb
Put your finger on the path from 1-9 to see what this visual is showing us.
If #1 stood for the most important part of the pyramid, what feature would be #1?
What do the sizes of these pyramids say about the importance of queens compared with pharaohs?
Why was the king’s burial chamber constructed in the middle of the pyramid and not at the top?

14. Pyramid Facts don't forget the queens!
Assignment: Create a web diagram with your shoulder partner to record:
famous pyramids
their uses/purposes
how they were built
their sizes.
Label each section.
Reread pp for help.
pyramid
facts
Final poster due Tuesday, Oct. 21
don't forget the queens!