1. The Endless Frontier in Science and Technology: Role of the United States and Purdue October 1, 2007 Charles O. Rutledge, Ph.D. Vice President for Research Pankaj Sharma, Ph.D. Associate Director, Discovery Park

2. Office of Vice President for Research My visit to China

3. Office of Vice President for Research Outline Evolution of Science, Technology, and Policy –Pre-War, During War, Post-war Current Infrastructure –Think Tanks, Funding Agencies, National Labs, Regulatory Agencies, Associations, Foundations, Corporations, Donors Purdue –Past, Present, Future

4. Office of Vice President for Research Pre-World War II (1787-1940) 1787: The Constitutional Convention 1807: Survey of Coast 1862: The Department of Agriculture and the Land Grant College Act 1870: United States Weather Service 1879: U.S. Geological Survey 1887: National Institutes of Health 1916: Naval Research Laboratory 1931: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 1937: National Cancer Institute 1 st U.S. President 1789-1797 George Washington Abraham Lincoln 16 th U.S. President 1861-1865

5. Office of Vice President for Research World War II 1940-1941 National Defense Research Committee and Office of Scientific Research and Defense 1940-1945 Manhattan Project National Defense Research Committee 1 st Official Meeting on July 2, 1940

6. Office of Vice President for Research Moving Forward in the Post-war Era What scientific contributions have been made during the war? What can be done now in the war of science against disease? What can the government do to aid research activities? Can an effective program be proposed for the discovery and development of scientific talent in American youth? November 1944: President Roosevelt’s letter to Dr. Vannevar Bush asked the following: 32 nd U.S. President 1933-1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt

7. Office of Vice President for Research Moving Forward in the Post-war Era Scientific contributions Penicillin, radar, better agricultural products, jobs in new industries (radio, air conditioning, rayon, synthetic fibers/rubber, plastics) More abundant food supply, better living, more leisure, longer life, and better health War of science against disease Extend financial support for basic medical research in medical schools and universities. Aid for research activities More and better scientific research is essential for our goal of full employment. Basic research should be strengthened by use of public funds. Create science advisory board to advise executive/legislative branches of government. Allow deduction of R&D expenditures for industry research. Promote international flow of scientific information. Developing scientific talent For every boy or girl shall know that, if s/he shows that s/he has what it takes, the sky is the limit. Remove barriers for receiving higher education. Provide reasonable number of scholarships and fellowships for advanced training and fundamental research. Create a National Research Foundation. July 1945: Dr. Vannevar Bush provided the following recommendations: Dr. Vannevar Bush

8. Office of Vice President for Research Post-World War II 1946: Office of Naval Research 1946: Department of Energy 1947: National Laboratories 1950: National Science Foundation 1954: President’s Science Advisory Committee 1980: Bayh-Dole Act 1989: End of the Cold War 1989-2000: Steps Toward Interdisciplinary Research Birch Bayh II U.S. Senator from Indiana 1963-1981 Bob Dole U.S. Senator from Kansas 1969-1996

9. Office of Vice President for Research Recent Trends (2000 – today) Challenges Driving Interdisciplinary Research The inherent complexity of Nature and Society The drive to explore basic research problems at the interfaces of disciplines The need to solve societal problems The stimulus of generative technologies

10. Office of Vice President for Research Science, Technology, and Policy Policy combined with infrastructure provides an endless frontier for science and technology. Infrastructure Policy An infrastructure enables us to undertake challenges and explore new avenues.

11. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Think Tanks The National Academies Advisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine National Academy of Sciences (1863) National Research Council (1916) National Academy of Engineering (1964) Institute of Medicine (1970)

12. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Universities Purdue MIT Harvard Stanford Berkeley Cornell many others France Córdova Purdue University’s 11 th President

13. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Funding Agencies National Science Foundation National Institutes of Health United States Department of Agriculture Department of Energy Department of Defense Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency Department of Health and Human Services Department of Education Department of Commerce Department of Homeland Security National Aeronautics and Space Administration United States Agency for International Development Chuck Conner Acting Head, USDA

14. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Department of Energy (DOE) National Labs Idaho National Laboratory between Arco and Idaho Falls, Idaho Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany, Oregon; Fairbanks, Alaska; Morgantown, West Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Tulsa, Oklahoma Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Livermore, California

15. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: DOE Technology Centers Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa New Brunswick Laboratory in Argonne National Laboratory Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Oak Ridge, Tennessee Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey Radiological & Environmental Sciences Laboratory Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, California Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia

16. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Regulatory Agencies US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) US Food and Drug Administration US Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters of USPTO Office Alexandria, Virginia

17. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Associations American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers Association of American Medical Colleges Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists American Physical Society American Chemical Society American Geophysical Society Charles Rutledge American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Leah Jamieson President 2006-Current President 1996-1997 Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers

18. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Foundations Regenstrief Foundation Lilly Endowment, Inc. Gates Foundation Keck Foundation Rockefeller Foundation Samuel Nathan Regenstrief (1910-1988)

19. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Corporations Eli Lilly and Company Roche Diagnostics DowAgro Sciences Zimmer Cook Biotech Bio Analytical Systems Inc. Elli Lilly and Company Headquarters, Indianapolis

20. Office of Vice President for Research Infrastructure: Others Donors Michael and Katherine Birck William and Mary Ann Bindley Burton D. Morgan Glenn and Edna Mann Economic Development Corporations Indiana Economic Development Corporation Rotary Club United Way Michael and Katherine Birck Burton D. Morgan William and Mary Ann Bindley Glenn and Edna Mann

21. Office of Vice President for Research Purdue: Past and Present Nancy Ho Molecular Geneticist R&D 100 Award (1998) for Better Yeast Leslie Geddes Winner of National Medal of Technology 2006 Medical Devices & Tissue Engineering Neil Armstrong First Person to set foot on the Moon July 20, 1969 Ardent Bement Director 2005-Present National Science Foundation

22. Office of Vice President for Research Purdue: Future Developing strategy to double funding from $300 million to $600 million

23. Office of Vice President for Research Purdue: Future Discovery Park Developing Infrastructure to Use Interdisciplinary Approach to Address Global Grand Challenges Energy Independence Homeland Security Global Warming Healthcare

24. Office of Vice President for Research Thank you. This slide presentation is posted on the Internet at: www.purdue.edu/research/vpr/staff/rutledge.shtml