1. CLASSICAL ROME – RISE AND FALL

2. RISE AND FALL OF ROME NOTES Rome Gains PowerPower = ProblemsAttempts at Reform Fall of Rome Legacy of Rome

3. Rome Spreads Its Power and Influence  Rome Conquers Italy  Roman power continued to grow, they controlled central Italy and eventually they defeated the Etruscans and controlled nearly all of Italy  Roman power eventually spread far beyond Italy

5. Rome’s Commercial Network  Rome’s Commercial Network  Location allowed for land and sea trade  One city in Carthage (Northern Africa) interfered with Roman access to the Mediterranean

7. Punic Wars  War with Carthage  Punic Wars – Rome vs. Carthage  First War – lasted 23 years for control over Sicily and the Mediterranean ended in a Roman victory  Second War – led by Carthaginian General, Hannibal – marched army and elephants through Spain, over the Alps and down through Italy, Hannibal won  Third War – Rome laid siege on Carthage, burned the city to the ground and sold its residents into slavery

10.  Rome Triumphs  Rome dominated the western Mediterranean

11. BOX ONE – WRITE THIS  Trade and war made Rome powerful and they dominated the Mediterranean

12. Growth of Power Leads to Problems  Rome faced many problems with its expanding borders  What problems might the empire face?

13.  Rome’s Economy Weakens  Hostile tribes and piracy on the seas interrupted trade  Stopped spreading empire and lacked new resources  Inflation  Agricultural problems – overworked the land, food shortages and disease spread, population declined

15.  Military and Political Turmoil  Roman soldiers were becoming less loyal and weren’t disciplined  Soldiers fought for commanders, not for Rome  Government had to hire mercenaries to protect the empire, felt no loyalty to Rome  People were no longer willing to sacrifice their lives for the greater good of Rome, loss of patriotism

16. BOX TWO – WRITE THIS  Economic Turmoil – trade interrupted, inflation, agricultural problems, lack of new resources  Military Turmoil – soldiers lost loyalty

17. Attempts at Reform  Diocletian Reforms the Empire  Restored order to the Roman Empire, was ruthless, limited personal freedoms  Divided empire into two parts  Greek speaking in the East (Greece, Anatolia, Syria and Egypt)  Latin speaking in the West (Italy, Gaul, Britain and Spain)

19.  Constantine Moves the Capital  Constantine gained control over the West in 312 and gained control over the East in 324  Moved the capital to the East to a city called Byzantium, power shifted from West to East, the city was renamed Constantinople  Empire divided again, the East survived, the West crumbled

20. BOX THREE – WRITE THIS  Diocletian divided the empire into East and West, limited personal freedoms  Constantine moved the capital to the East, capital city Constantinople, West fell, East survived

21. The Fall of Rome – Western Empire Crumbles  Germanic Invasions  Germanic people had always settled on the outskirts of the Roman empire and they got along well  A group of Mongol nomads, the Huns, began to push their way into the region  Germanic people fled into the Roman empire and were called “barbarians” (any non-Roman)  The Germanic people continued to flee into all of the Eastern Roman Empire and once they reached the Western Empire, they destroyed it

23.  Attila the Hun  Huns were indirectly responsible for the plundering of Western Rome by the Germans and became a threat  United under Attila, 100,000 troops terrorized both sides of the empire but failed to take Constantinople  Attila moved forward to the Western half of the empire and tried to take Rome, but his army faced famine and disease and were unsuccessful

25.  An Empire No More  Last Roman emperor was Romulus Augustulus was taken out by Germanic forces  Roman power in the West had completely disappeared  Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire

27. BOX FOUR – WRITE THIS  Mongol tribes (Huns) were moving into northern Europe, forcing Germanic tribes (Vandals & Visigoths) to move south, into Rome  Western Roman Empire fell and the East survived, eventually became Byzantine Empire

28. Legacy of Rome – Roots of Western Civilization  The Latin Language  Latin language dominated  Language was later adopted by neighboring people and transformed into the romance languages: French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian  Many English words have Latin roots

29.  Master Builders  Arch, dome, concrete allowed for spectacular buildings  Aqueducts carried water  Many American buildings borrow this architecture  Vast network of roads – some still used today

30.  Roman System of Law  Greatest legacy All persons deserve equal protection under the law Innocent until proven guilty Burden of proof rested on the accuser, not the accused Punished for actions, not thoughts Any unfair law could be abolished

32.  Rome’s Enduring Influence  Rome is the foundation for modern Western civilization

33. BOX FIVE – WRITE THIS  Language, buildings, law, Christianity, foundation for Western Civilization