1. Power Presentations CHAPTER 16

3. Image Citizenship The date is April 12, 1861. You and other residents of Charleston, South Carolina, watch the bombardment of Fort Sumter by Confederate forces. This event signals the beginning of the Civil War—a war between factions or regions of the same country. How might a civil war be worse than other wars?

4. What sort of physical destruction might take place in a civil war? What social, political, and economic trouble might be likely to occur in a civil war? What might happen when a civil war breaks out?

5. To World September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) occurs. April 25, 1862 New Orleans falls to Union forces. April 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh takes place. March 9, 1862 The warships Monitor and Merrimack (orVirginia) clash. July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) occurs. Image April 12, 1861 Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter. March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln inaugurated as president.

6. Back to Home Back to U.S. September, 1862 Bismarck becomes prime minister of Prussia. June 25, 1862 Imperial decree expels foreigners from Japan. May 5, 1862 French troops are defeated at Puebla, Mexico. April 13, 1862 France annexes Cochin China (southern Vietnam). May 13, 1861 Britain declares neutrality in American Civil War. March, 1861 Italy unified under King Victor Emmanuel II.

7. Main Idea Why It Matters Now The nation’s identity was in part forged by the Civil War. The secession of the Southern states quickly led to armed conflict between the North and the South. Map

8. What were some similarities and differences between the North and the South? North More manpower 85 percent of nation’s factories Double the railroad mileage Almost all naval power and shipyards Both Believed in what they were fighting for Many eager volunteers Public support for the war South First-rate generals Defending the homeland King Cotton

9. How did citizens in the North and the South respond to the outbreak of the Civil War? Why were the border states important to both sides in the Civil War? What kind of military strategy did each side develop? Map

10. Back to Home Comparing How was the South’s situation in the Civil War similar to the situation of the Patriots in the Revolutionary War? Think About their reasons for fighting their opponents’ strengths

11. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured many hardships serving in the army during the Civil War. The hardships endured led to long-lasting bitterness on both sides.

12. What were some of the characteristics of a typical Civil War soldier? Image Age THE TYPICAL CIVIL WAR SOLDIER Occupation Training Hardships Between 18 and 30 Farmer Many long daily drill sessions Inadequate food and clothing, crude shelters, dirty camps that stank, poor personal hygiene, chronic sickness, poor medical treatment

13. How were the wartime experiences of Northern and Southern soldiers alike? What factors contributed to the spread of disease among soldiers? How did the use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War?

14. Back to Home Forming and Supporting Opinions What were the motives that led individual soldiers to fight in the Civil War? Think About the multiple reasons that people had for enlisting what you consider valid reasons for fighting

15. Main Idea Why It Matters Now In the first two years of the war, neither side gained a decisive victory over the other. A long war can cause much death and destruction and leave a bitter legacy.

16. 1863 What key events of the Civil War occurred between 1860 and 1863? September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam June 25 to July 1, 1862 Seven Days’ Battles April 25, 1862 Fall of New OrleansApril 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh Image February 1862 Capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson 1860

17. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause? Why did Lee go on the offensive against the North? How did the South’s fortunes change after Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia?

18. Back to Home Making Inferences What does Lee’s invasion of the North suggest about his qualities as a general and a leader? Think About Lee’s military skills and style the North’s resources

19. REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

20. 1 How and when did the Civil War start? 2 What advantages did the North have at the beginning of the war? 3 What were the war strategies of the two sides? 4 What was the typical Civil War soldier like? 5 Why did so many people volunteer to fight in the Civil War?

21. 6 Why was the incidence of disease so high among Civil War soldiers? 7 How did the use of rifles and minié balls change war tactics? 8 What goal of the Union strategy did Grant further, and how did he do it? 9 Why did the North have such a hard time capturing Richmond, Virginia? 10 How did Lee’s appointment to head the Army of Northern Virginia affect the course of the war?

22. SOUTHNORTH Back to Home Reasons for fighting Advantages Disadvantages Military strategy Battle victories to preserve Union greater manpower and resources hard to carry battle to enemy surrounding and overwhelming the South Shiloh, Antietam to defend homeland fighting on their own territory fewer resources and soldiers holding out until North grew weary Bull Run, Seven Days’ Battles Comparing and Contrasting

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