1. Heroes – Robert Cormier
Key Quotations

2. Chapter 1 – page 1
“My name is Francis Joseph Cassavant and I have just returned to Frenchtown in Monument and the war is over and I have no face.”
Establishes the setting
Introduces narrator in first person
Surprising statement creates mystery

3. Chapter 1 – page 1
“Oh, I have eyes… but no ears to speak of, just bits of dangling flesh. But that’s fine, like Dr Abrams says… He was joking, of course.”
Conversational style of address
Creates a close bond between the reader and the narrator

4. Chapter 1 – page 1 Description of Francis’s physical injuries.
Described in a matter-of-fact way
Creates sympathy in the reader – but does Francis expect this?
Makes the reader want to know why he looks like this

5. Chapter 1 – page 2
“But not having much success” and “I don’t blame them”
Francis has low self-esteem and lacks confidence
Presented as single-sentence paragraphs to draw attention to them

6. Chapter 1 – page 3
“This was proof that the scarf and the bandage were working in two ways: not only to hide the ugliness of what used to be my face, but to hide my identity.”
Why is Francis trying to hide?
Creates mystery
Francis believes he is ugly

7. Chapter 1 – page 4
“I thought of Nicole Renard, realizing I had not thought of her for, oh, maybe two hours.”
First mention of Nicole
Suggests Francis may be in love with her
Makes the reader ask questions

8. Chapter 1 – page 4
“She had always been generous when I did her errands and her tips paid for my ten-cent movie tickets at the Plymouth on Saturday afternoons.”
Francis knows Mrs Belander from before the war
In a first reading, the Plymouth seems unimportant

9. Chapter 1 – page 4
“At that moment, I knew that I was really anonymous, that I wasn’t Francis Joseph Cassavant anymore but a tenant in Frenchtown.”
Why does Francis want to be anonymous?
Contrasts with the opening sentence

10. Chapter 1 – page 5
“I was home again in Frenchtown. I thought of the gun hidden away in my duffel bag and knew that my mission was about to begin.”
What is Francis’s mission?
Why does he have a gun?
Creates mystery and suspense

11. Chapter 1 – page 5
Francis briefly mentions his dead father and mother, and younger brother.
This is one of the few times they are mentioned in the novel
Why doesn’t Francis talk about them more often?
He wants to forget the past

12. Chapter 1 – page 6
“Then I am filled with guilt and shame, knowing that I just prayed for the man I am going to kill.”
Francis frequently feels guilt and shame
This section emphasises his religious feelings
Statement creates dramatic tension

13. Chapter 1 – page 7
“‘You’re a big hero,’ he said. ‘A Silver Star hero.’”
This is the first reference to being a hero in the novel
The reader wonders why Francis has been awarded the Silver Star

14. Chapter 1 – page 7
“I am not a hero, of course, and I turn away in disgust.”
Francis has low self-esteem
Why doesn’t he believe he is a hero?
Why does he say “of course”?

15. Chapter 1 – page 7
“And even though I am home from the war, I wonder if I will ever see her again.”
The chapter ends on a cliff-hanger
Where is Nicole?
What happened to her?

16. Chapter 2 – page 8
“The most beautiful girl I had ever seen… The pale purity of her face reminded me of the statue of St Therese… I silently pledged her my love and loyalty forever.”
Francis’s first description of Nicole shows how he reveres her
Over-exaggeration

17. Chapter 2 – page 9
“Was the look that passed between us that first day a wish of my imagination?”
Emphasises Francis’s lack of self-esteem
Is this typical teenage angst?

18. Chapter 2 – page 12 “I never knew love could be so agonising.”
This is ironic
For Francis, his love for Nicole does become agony

19. Chapter 2 – page 12
“I wondered whether she’d been waving at Joey LeBlanc or me.”
Again, Francis lacks the confidence to believe that Nicole could be attracted to him
Is he trying to make us feel sorry for him?

20. Chapter 3 – page 13
“I feel like a spy in disguise as I walk the streets of Frenchtown.”
This is a simile
It is an effective image to begin this chapter with as it reminds us of Francis’s mission

21. Chapter 3 – page 14
“The Great Gatsby which I’d heard was a great novel… We drank vin rouge like the heroes in a Hemingway novel.”
Francis refers to classic American Literature
This is the first mention of his interest in reading and writing
Suggests an autobiographical link with Cormier

22. Chapter 3 – page 15
“All kinds of rumours about her Francis. She began to stay at home… She was like… a hermit.”
Adds to the mystery of Nicole Renard
Shows that Francis did end up going-out with Nicole but that something must have gone wrong

23. Chapter 3 – page 15
Francis explains that he joined the army at fifteen.
This makes the reader ask lots of questions e.g.
Why did he enlist?
Why wasn’t he missed?
How did he feel about this?

24. Chapter 3 – page 16
“I can keep going on a minimum of food because I lost my appetite somewhere in France and eat now only to sustain myself for a while.”
Suggests that Francis has given up hope
Doesn’t reveal why he has no appetite

25. Chapter 3 – pages 18 – 20 Francis dreams about the war in France
This suggests Cormier’s attitude to war and what is expected of soldiers.
It contrasts with the romantic and heroic descriptions we might expect
It is a dramatic and horrifying description

26. Chapter 3 – page 18
“Not like the war movies at the Plymouth, nobody displaying heroics or bravado”
Francis repeats the idea that he wasn’t heroic or brave

27. Chapter 3 – page 19
“I explode into wakefulness… my bursts of gunfire killed the soldiers quickly, no exploding head, no body cut in two… I saw how young they were, boys with apple cheeks, too young to shave. Like me.”
Francis explains that his dream is more graphic than reality
He creates a link between himself and the German soldiers

28. Chapter 3 – page 20 “The next day, the grenade blows my face away.”
We finally find out what happened to Francis, however he never tells us this part of the story – we only find out from others later on.
Made dramatic by being a single-sentence paragraph in simple language

29. Chapter 3 – page 20
“Ignore it all, I tell myself, and count your blessings.”
Francis is being ironic
He has no pity for himself
He is committed to carrying-out his mission

30. Chapter 4 – page 21
“I wanted to be like them, these heroes, fighting the Japs and the Germans, going off to battles on land and sea.”
Francis used to have a romantic idea about war
Later, he learns that they weren’t heroes they “were only there” (page 47)

31. Chapter 4 – page 22
“Big Boy… is now sleek and hard with no soft edges.”
The war has transformed Big Boy physically
There are many ‘then and now’ comparisons within the novel showing the effect of war

32. Chapter 4 – page 24
“I am not the hero he thinks I am, not like the other veterans here in the St Jude’s Club”
Again, Francis says that he is not a hero
He compares himself with everybody else for a negative effect
Francis feels that he doesn’t belong here

33. Chapter 5 – page 25 “It’s a bad luck place, people had said.
A place of doom, others added”
The first description of the Wreck Centre suggests the tragedy that will take place there.
The words are highlighted by being in single-sentence paragraphs.

34. Chapter 5 – page 26
“The men worked frantically… but the work was haphazard.”
The Rec Centre was part of the ‘New Deal’ programme during the Depression
Unemployed people were paid by the Government to work on projects like this

35. Chapter 5 – page 27
“A tall slim man stepped into view, a lock of blond hair tumbling over his forehead, a smile that revealed dazzling movie-star teeth.”
First description of Larry LaSalle
Emphasises his good looks
Francis clearly admires him

36. Chapter 5 – page 27 “He was most of all a teacher.”
As a teacher, Larry has a responsibility to all the children in his care
Larry is also described as an athlete and a dancer – everyone in Frenchtown is impressed by these qualities
Francis’s language shows his admiration for Larry

37. Chapter 5 – page 28
“I had never been a hero in such places, too short and uncoordinated for baseball and too timid to join the gangs.”
Another reference to being a hero
Francis focuses on the negative qualities
‘Timid’ suggests he is afraid

38. Chapter 5 – page 28 “I had no best friend.”
Other than Nicole and Larry, Francis never really connects with anyone else
As a child he is a loner, which emphasises the tragedy of Nicole’s rejection and Larry’s betrayal

39. Chapter 5 – page 28
“I discovered Ernest Hemingway and Tom Wolfe and Jack London and rushed home with an armful of books.”
Francis shows his interest in literature
These writers are very masculine – their books are about adventure
Reading separates Francis from other people

40. Chapter 5 – page 28
“Home was now the tenement where I lived with my Uncle Louis… He took me in after my father died.”
This is striking because Francis doesn’t describe these events
He chooses to forget memories from the past that might distract him from his mission

41. Chapter 5 – page 29 “He tamed the notorious schoolyard bully…
‘But he still beats kids up in the schoolyard,’ Joey LeBlanc observed.”
Francis recounts Larry’s achievements but he suggests that they were only cosmetic (on the surface)

42. Chapter 5 – page 29
“There were dark hints that he had ‘gotten into trouble’ in New York City… The air of mystery that surrounded him added to his glamour.”
This is the first hint that something is wrong with Larry in the flashback narrative
Francis uses the language of celebrity to characterise Larry’s appeal to the people

43. Chapter 5 – page 30
“She seemed to exist in a world of her own, like a rare specimen, bird-like and graceful, separate from the rest of the dancers.”
Francis describes Nicole using a simile
Again, he suggests that she is unique
She is separate – just like him

44. Chapter 5 – page 30
“Joey LeBlanc angered me when he said he could feel that old doom hanging over the place.”
Loops-back to the beginning of the chapter
Reinforces the idea that something terrible is going to happen

45. Chapter 6 – page 31
“I watch for Larry LaSalle, for that Fred Astaire strut and the movie-star smile.”
In the present, Francis’s description of Larry has become an insult
He sees him as fake and insincere

46. Chapter 6 – page 31 “This is the pause between one life and another.”
Francis is talking about Arthur, Armand and Joe, but he could be talking about himself
His life has paused since he returned – he will only move on once his mission is complete

47. Chapter 6 – page 32
Francis describes a pause in the conversation and the war injuries of his acquaintances
Everybody seems to be getting on with their lives, but Francis recognises that they are still scarred by their injuries e.g. “there’s a sudden flash of what – terror? bad dreams?”

48. Chapter 6 – page 34
“‘You deserve to be recognised, Francis,’ he whispers. ‘You’re a goddam hero… How many men were you willing to die for?’”
Arthur reveals a secret that Francis has not told us yet – why don’t we know?
Why is Francis ashamed of his actions?

49. Chapter 7 – page 36
“He found me sitting alone on the back steps of the Wreck Centre, looking at nothing in particular. There was nothing in my world that was worth looking at.”
Emphasises Francis’s isolation
Follows the death of his father

50. Chapter 7 – page 39
“Jealousy streaked through me as Larry LaSalle tossed her in the air… pressing her close, their faces almost touching, their lips only an inch or so from a kiss.”
Already, there is jealousy in the triangular relationship between Larry, Francis and Nicole
Who is Francis jealous of?

51. Chapter 7 – page 39
“His eyes shone with admiration when I made an unusual shot.”
Francis seeks Larry’s admiration
Table tennis represents the first thing that Francis has ever enjoyed, apart from reading

52. Chapter 7 – page 39
“I’m not supposed to play favourites, Francis, but you and Nicole are special to me.”
Larry makes it clear that there is a special bond between the three characters
He shouldn’t have favourites but he breaks this ‘rule’

53. Chapter 7 – page 40
“For the first time in my life, a tide of confidence swept through me.”
Nicole has said she likes to watch Francis play
Francis highlights this moment by the use of paragraphs

54. Chapter 7 – page 40 & 41
“Her words filled me with both delight and agony, delight at her invitation and the instant agony of jealousy, the way she had casually said his name… ‘Larry’, spoken off-hand as if they were more than teacher and pupil.”
Why does Francis feel jealous?
Is he jealous because Nicole is close to Larry?
Is he jealous Larry likes Nicole?

55. Chapter 7 – page 45
“My eyes sought Nicole, found her joyous face, hands joined together, as if in prayer, eyes half-closed as if making herself an offering to me.”
Francis gains confidence from beating Larry
Again he describes Nicole using religious imagery – he makes her into an idol

56. Chapter 8 – page 46
“I want to talk about it, my war… And your war, too, Francis. Everybody’s war. The war nobody wants to talk about.”
Arthur Rivier shows that people are trying to ignore the effects of the war
They are not addressing their problems – instead they hide their emotions

57. Chapter 8 – page 46 & 47
“The scared war… God, but I was scared, Francis.”
Arthur remembers the terror he felt
He describes a war that Francis can relate to – Francis was also terrified

58. Chapter 8 – page 47
“No heroes in that scrap-book, Francis. Only us, the boys of Frenchtown. Scared and homesick and cramps in the stomach and vomit. Nothing glamorous like the write-ups in the papers or the newsreels. We weren’t heroes. We were only there…”
This shows Cormier’s attitude to war
Arthur describes the reality of war in graphic details

59. Chapter 9 – page 49
“A thrill went through me – a wartime secret in Frenchtown! Should we be on the look-out for spies?”
As a child, Francis shares the excited romantic anticipation of the war
In reality, mainland America was very secure

60. Chapter 9 – page 50
“We cheered our fighting forces and booed and hissed when Hitler came on the screen, his arm always raised in that hated salute.”
The newsreel footage becomes an entertainment
Civilians saw the war as dramatic and exciting

61. Chapter 9 – page 51
“‘How about writing books? Didn’t you win Sister Mathilde’s medal for composition?’
‘Oh, I could never write a book.’
‘I think you could.’
Similar to Cormier’s own life
Nicole has confidence in Francis
This will be returned to at the end

62. Chapter 9 – page 53
“We were stunned to suddenly see Larry LaSalle featured in the Movietone News. He was unshaven, face gaunt and drawn, eyes sunk deep into their sockets.”
Larry is the first ‘victim’ of the war
The war is having a physical effect on him

63. Chapter 10 – page 55
“When I study myself in the mirror, I don’t see me any more but a stranger slowly taking shape.”
The war has changed Francis as a person
He is gradually becoming someone new
This transformation symbolises what has happened to Francis

64. Chapter 10 – page 55
“The truth is that I don’t care whether I heal or not. Because I know that it doesn’t matter.”
Francis has lost all hope
He is not asking the reader for sympathy – he no longer cares about himself

65. Chapter 10 – page 55
“I knew what he meant by disposal because I had planned my own method after my mission was completed.”
Francis implies that after killing Larry he will kill himself
He appears to be committed to ending his own life

66. Chapter 11 – pages 57 – 64 This is the turning point in the novel
Francis deliberately emphasises Larry’s heroic qualities in order to show how evil his actions are at the end of the chapter
Dramatic tension is built up throughout the chapter

67. Chapter 11 – page 57
“Lt. Lawrence LaSalle… holder of the Silver Star for acts of heroism… was coming home on furlough.”
The introduction to this chapter builds up anticipation
Larry’s heroism will contrast with his actions at the end

68. Chapter 11 – page 57
“A moment later, Larry LaSalle stood on the platform, resplendent in the green uniform… He smiled, the old movie-star smile.”
Larry is described like the typical movie war hero
Movie heroes are only actors, however, and their performance is a fraud
Reference to “movie-star smile” reminds us he is a fake

69. Chapter 11 – page 58
“Fred Astaire still in his walk but something different about him. His slenderness was knife-like now, lethal.”
The movie-star image is contrasted with one of violence
Larry is a killer and Francis implies he is dangerous

70. Chapter 11 – page 58
“Larry was our hero, yes, but he had been a hero to us long before he went to war.”
Francis reminds us that Larry is admired by everyone in Frenchtown
This helps to reinforce his unforgivable behaviour towards Nicole later in the chapter

71. Chapter 11 – page 58
“His eyes moved to Nicole and I saw the rush of affection on his face.”
There is a sexual chemistry between Nicole and Larry
Does Francis misinterpret Larry’s feelings towards Nicole?

72. Chapter 11 – page 59
“‘I’m glad to be home, even if it’s only for a little while. And most of all I want to be with the Wreck Centre gang.’
Once again he made us feel special.”
There is something suspicious about the fact that a grown-up wants to spend his time with children
Francis is providing clues for the reader

73. Chapter 11 – page 60
“‘I’ll buy you one like that someday,’ I whispered in her ear, my voice trembling a bit, betraying my love for her.
Squeezing my hand, she leaned towards me and her warm cheek rested against mine.”
Francis is describing the perfect evening between them both
He indicates that he wants to be with her forever
This emphasises the tragedy of this chapter

74. Chapter 11 – page 60
“Once, Nicole whispered: ‘Stay close to me,’ as we resumed our parade… a thrill went through me like a jolt as I pulled her close and said: ‘I’ll never leave you.’
This is a lie – Francis leaves her at the worst possible moment
As Francis is telling the story, he must realise how ironic this promise is – it helps to build dramatic tension

75. Chapter 11 – pages 61 – 62 Quotations that create dramatic tension:
“The day had not been long enough for me.” (61) = doubt
“His face was flushed and his eyes shone with excitement.” (62) = sexual tension
“The words sounded false as I said them and I realised they were Larry’s words, not mine.” (62) = Larry is in control of Francis

76. Chapter 11 – page 62
“I really wanted to stay, wanted to be a part of them.”
Reminds us that Francis has never been intimate with anyone
Suggests his suspicion that something is wrong
Echoed by Nicole, who doesn’t want him to leave

77. Chapter 11 – page 63
“I made my way towards the front door but drew back, didn’t leave, stationed myself in the small foyer… miserable in my aloneness, wanting to be dancing with her, the way Larry LaSalle was dancing with her, holding her close…”
“Miserable in my aloneness” – sums up Francis throughout the novel
He knows something is wrong but is impotent to do anything

78. Chapter 11 – page 63
“I heard a sigh and a sound that could have been a moan and a rustle of clothing.”
This is Francis’s description of the rape
Did he know what was happening?
How much does the reader have to guess about what has happened? Why?

79. Chapter 11 – page 63
“How long did I stand there listening?... I couldn’t breathe, my body rigid, my lungs burning… What were they doing?”
Francis’s description suggests he knows what they were doing
Rhetorical questions suggest he knows the answer but still can’t face the truth
He is terrified of the truth because he has done nothing and still feels guilty

80. Chapter 11 – page 63
“But I knew what they were doing – the thought streaked through my mind so fast it could hardly be acknowledged.”
Francis is forced to admit the truth to the reader
He confesses to us – is the whole novel a confession of his sin before he kills himself?

81. Chapter 11 – page 64
“I recognised in her eyes what I could not deny: betrayal. My betrayal of her in her eyes.”
Francis feels ashamed because he did not stop Larry from hurting Nicole
He believes that she blames him
Repetition emphasises this

82. Chapter 11 – page 64
“It’s amazing that the heart makes no noise when it cracks.”
The chapter ends with a dramatic image
This contrasts with how Francis had been feeling throughout the chapter

83. Chapter 12 – page 65
“For three days, I haunted Sixth Street at all hours.”
The use of the word ‘haunted’ suggests that Francis is like a ghost
Nicole’s feelings for him have died

84. Chapter 12 – page 65
“A kind of bogey man who does terrible things like letting his girl get hurt and attacked, purposely avoiding in my mind that terrible word: what had actually happened to her.”
Francis feels guilt and blames himself
He chooses to ignore that which causes him most pain – he does this elsewhere in the book

85. Chapter 12 – page 66
“I could not sleep at night… glad for the heat that was so relentless, as if it was part of the hell that I had earned.”
Francis blames himself rather than Larry
He punishes himself, using religious imagery of suffering and purgatory

86. Chapter 12 – page 67
“I could only stand there mute, as if all my sins had been revealed and there was no forgiveness for them.”
Francis is using Catholic imagery
He is punishing himself, taking all the blame away from Larry
He then turns to the church for help

87. Chapter 12 – page 68
“Saying a prayer before committing the worst sin of all: despair… I thought of my mother and father – could I disgrace their name this way?”
Suicide is absolutely the worst sin that a Catholic can commit
Francis is ashamed at the thought of letting his parents down

88. Chapter 12 – page 69
“I could not die that way. Soldiers were dying with honour on battlefields all over the world. Noble deaths. The deaths of heroes. How could I die by leaping from a steeple?”
The theme of heroism returns again
Is Francis trying to be a hero or is he trying to die?
Notice the use of sentence structures for effect

89. Chapter 13 – page 70
“I always thought I would spot Larry LaSalle on Third Street, would see him striding along like Fred Astaire, bestowing that movie-star smile on people that he met.”
Francis reminds us of how fake Larry is by repeating the movie-star image
There is no sense of admiration in the way he says this

90. Chapter 13 – page 71 “I have heard enough.
Larry LaSalle has returned to Frenchtown.
And I know where to find him.”
Use of single-sentence paragraphs
Use of present tense
Builds up dramatic tension

91. Chapter 14 – page 72 “The gun is like a tumour on my thigh.” Simile
Shows that Francis feels what he is about to do is wrong

92. Chapter 14 – page 72
“I am calm. My heartbeat is normal. What’s one more death after the others in the villages and fields of France? The innocent faces of the two young Germans appear in my mind. But Larry LaSalle is not innocent.”
Suggests Francis has killed more people than we know about
Rhetorical question suggests his guilt

93. Chapter 14 – page 73
“He is pale, eyes sunk into the sockets like in the newsreel at the Plymouth, and he seems fragile now, as if caught in an old photograph that has faded and yellowed with age.”
Larry has changed physically
He is like the other war veterans in that the war has had a major impact on his appearance
Does Francis feel pity for him?

94. Chapter 14 – page 73
“‘Don’t be afraid to show your face, Francis. That face, what’s left of it, is a symbol of how brave you were, the Silver Star you earned…’”
Larry is still trying to teach Francis
Is Larry’s physical appearance a symbol of what he has done?

95. Chapter 14 – page 74
“A deep sadness settles on me, as if winter has invaded my bones.”
Simile
Winter is a dead time – to what extent is Francis dead inside?
He is saddened by remembering the past and the Wreck Centre

96. Chapter 14 – page 74 “Why did it have to turn out like this?
Maybe your sins catching up with you.”
The italics represent Francis’s inner voice
They show what he wants to say but can’t say

97. Chapter 14 – page 75
“I had always wanted to be a hero, like Larry LaSalle, but had been a fake all along. And now I am tired of the deception and have to rid myself of the fakery.”
Francis views his actions as a fraud – he is not really a hero
This quote shows that he has realised Larry is a fake
Francis confesses to Larry that he is not a hero

98. Chapter 14 – page 75
“‘I went to war because I wanted to die… I was too much of a coward to kill myself. In the war, in a battle, I figured it would be easy to get killed.”
Francis’s explanation twists his feelings into self-accusation – he believes himself a coward despite everything he has done

99. Chapter 14 – page 76
“‘Oh, Francis. You’re too hard on yourself. You didn’t do anything you should feel guilty about, that should make you want to die. You couldn’t have stopped me, anyway, Francis. You were just a child.’”
Larry tries to take the blame away from Francis
He tries to make him realise it wasn’t his fault
Does Larry feel guilty?

100. Chapter 14 – page 76
“‘The sweet young things, Francis. Even their heat is sweet…’
Sweet young things. Had he done it before?”
It is suggested that Larry has done this before
Larry sees the girls as treats or gifts – he tries to excuse his behaviour

101. Chapter 14 – page 77
“‘Does that one sin of mine wipe away all the good things?’”
The most important quote in the novel! The nature of heroes is the main theme in the novel
Cormier leaves it up to the reader to decide, but clearly the answer is yes
Francis avoids answering the question

102. Chapter 14 – page 77
“‘If I want one thing, it would be to have you look at me again the way you did at the Wreck Centre. When I was the big hero you say I was.’”
Why does Larry care what Francis thinks?

103. Chapter 14 – page 78
“‘Let me tell you one thing before you go, Francis. You would have fallen on that grenade, anyway. All your instincts would have made you sacrifice yourself for your comrades.’
Still trying to make me better than I am.”
Larry recognises that Francis is a true hero
Typically Francis rejects this – he has no faith in himself

104. Chapter 14 – page 79
“The sound of a pistol shot cracks the air. My hand is on the doorknob. The sound from this distance is almost like a ping-pong ball striking the table.”
This simile is used in an ironic way – table tennis made Francis feel special and is connected to Larry
Now he calls it ‘ping-pong’ – a game not a sport not requiring any skill (page 37)

105. Chapter 15 – page 80
“The sound of the doorbell echoes unendingly through the long corridors of the convent. Waiting, I step back and look at the faded red-brick exterior of the building and the black forbidding shutters at the windows.”
Creates mystery – why is Francis here?
Sense of exclusion – ‘echoes’, ‘forbidding’
Change of tone from the drama of the previous chapter

106. Chapter 15 – page 81
“‘Has she gone away to become a nun?’ I ask. The possibility dashes my hopes of ever seeing her again.
Francis reveals his reasons for being here
This is the first time Francis has ever expressed a sense of hope, but, as usual, he takes a pessimistic view

107. Chapter 15 – page 82 “‘I hope your face heals soon, Francis’…
I wonder if it’s a special sin to lie to a nun.”
Francis lies about his intentions
He is obsessed with the idea of sin

108. Chapter 16 – page 83
“For one lightning moment, I don’t recognise her… Now her hair is cut short and combed straight and flat… Her cheek-bones are more prominent and her eyes seem to be bigger, I look at her as if studying a painting in a museum.”
Nicole has been physically transformed by her experiences
Francis still sees her as a work of art

109. Chapter 16 – page 84
“‘This is nothing… It’s not as bad as it looks…’ Still lying but not to a nun.”
Francis differentiates between his lies, showing his feelings about religion
He implies that he has thought about his “proper method of disposal” (chapter 10)

110. Chapter 16 – page 84 “‘Did to me?’ What day?
‘I shouldn’t have said those things to you that day… You weren’t to blame for what happened’”
Like Larry, Nicole tells Francis that it wasn’t his fault
Does Francis believe her?

111. Chapter 16 – page 85
“‘Don’t say it, Francis. I know what he was. For a while there he made me feel special. Made us all feel special.’”
Describes Larry’s effect on the children
Contrasts the public and private life of Larry

112. Chapter 16 – page 85
“‘Are you going to write? I always thought you’d be a writer.’
‘I don’t know.’ Which is the truth, for a change.”
Provides a biographical link with the author
Provides hope for Francis

113. Chapter 16 – page 85
“To see if maybe you could still be my girl. Which would maybe change my mind about the gun in my duffel bag.”
This is Francis’s hope – that he and Nicole could still be together
How realistic is this hope
Francis’s inner thoughts shown by the italics

114. Chapter 16 – page 86
“‘Who was I going to tell...? He was a big war hero.’”
Again, Cormier challenges the idea of what makes someone a hero

115. Chapter 16 – page 87
“‘When the doctor fixes up my face, I’ll send you a picture.’
‘Promise?’
‘Promise,’ I answer, although I know that I will never keep that promise and she probably doesn’t expect me to.”
This is the last of the promises that are broken i.e. what Francis promises Nicole in chapter 12
It is another clue that Francis intends to kill himself.

116. Chapter 16 – page 88
“‘I don’t know what a hero is anymore, Nicole.’ I think of Larry LaSalle and his Silver Star. And my own Silver Star, for an act of cowardice.
‘Write about it Francis. Maybe you can find the answer that way.’”
The main question of the novel is ‘what is a hero?’
Ironically, Francis does write about it – does the novel provide any answers?

117. Chapter 17 – page 89
“I remember what I said to Nicole about not remembering who the real heroes are. I think of my old platoon… We were only there… Who were not only there but who stayed, did not run away, fought the good war.”
Francis recalls Arthur’s words
Cormier considers what was asked of the young soldiers and suggests Francis really is a hero

118. Chapter 17 – page 89
“And didn’t receive a Silver Star. But heroes anyway. The real heroes.
Maybe if I’m going to write as Nicole hopes I will, I should write about them.”
Is the book dedicated to the people Francis considers real heroes?
He sees his medal as a fraud – is it because Larry won one as well as wasn’t a hero?

119. Chapter 17 – page 90 “Maybe I should…”
Francis uses conditionals to introduce his options
He thinks about what he could do

120. Chapter 17 – page 90
“I think of the gun inside the duffel bag at my feet…
The weight is nice and comfortable.”
The gun gives him comfort
The ending of the novel is ambiguous – does he kill himself?