1. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® (MBTI) Step II
George Merchant
Defense Systems Management College
School of Program Managers

2. Thought for the Day
“Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves.”
Carl Jung

3. MBTI Basics Seeks to identify four basic preferences
Does not measure traits or behavior: Rather, it reflects your habitual choice between rival alternatives
Everyone does use both preferences of each scale, but not with equal liking
Analogy: left handed vs right handed
Source: Myers, I.B. & McCaulley, M.H. Manual: A Guide to Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, 1985

4. Disclaimer MBTI Is: MBTI Is NOT:
A Potentially Powerful Self-Management Tool
MBTI Is NOT:
An Excuse for Inappropriate Behavior
Highly Accurate for a Psychological Instrument
The End-All and Be All; It Won’t Solve World Hunger

5. What the MBTI Does
Shows different ways of assimilating information and making decisions
Indicates relative clarity of individual preferences
Provides knowledge useful in self- management
Identifies gifts and blindspots for each type

6. What the MBTI Doesn’t Do
Measure excellence, skill or maturity in any of the preferences
Evaluate or test you – there are no right or wrong answers
Assess mental health or intelligence – there are no sick or well profiles
Value judge – there are no good or bad types
Pigeon-hole you into any category – we all use both sides of every scale every day

7. Cast
Carl G. Jung INTP
Katharine Briggs INFJ
Isabel Briggs Myers INFP

8. The Step II Difference Deeper look: 5 sub-scales per scale
Helps explain “But I don’t feel like a …”
Cross-scale integration
Comparison to Norm Groups of Like Type

9. Here’s……….the Report Step I Results: P. 3 (Basic MBTI)
Step II Results: PP. 4-8
Composites:
Communicating: P. 9
Decision-Making: P. 10
Managing Change: P. 11
Managing Conflict: P. 12
Integration: PP
Resources: P. 17
Summary: P. 18

11. Here’s……….the Report Step I Results: P. 3 (Basic MBTI)
Step II Results: PP. 4-8
Composites:
Communicating: P. 9
Decision-Making: P. 10
Managing Change: P. 11
Managing Conflict: P. 12
Integration: PP
Resources: P. 17
Summary: P. 18

13. Here’s……….the Report Step I Results: P. 3 (Basic MBTI)
Step II Results: PP. 4-8
Composites:
Communicating: P. 9
Decision-Making: P. 10
Managing Change: P. 11
Managing Conflict: P. 12
Integration: PP
Resources: P. 17
Summary: P. 18

15. The Attitude Scale Extraversion (E) Initiating Expressive Gregarious
Active
Enthusiastic
Introversion (I)
Receiving
Contained
Intimate
Reflective
Quiet

16. E: Initiating – I: Receiving (Communicating/Connecting)
Mingling
Connections
Broad Conversationalist
Seek Others Out
Facilitators
Let Conversation Come to Them
Introducee
Focused Conversation
Need Conversational Anchor

17. E: Expressive – I: Contained (Emotional State, Interests)
Sharing
Open & Honest
Forthright w/Feelings
Easy to Know
Need Feedback
Selective
Comfort Before Sharing
Sparse w/Verbal & Body Language
Clam Up Under Stress
Hard to Know
Need Trust

18. E: Gregarious – I: Intimate (Breadth/Depth of Connections)
Variety of Friendships
Group Interaction
Expand Connections
Need Network
Give & Take
Limited Friendships
Trust
Slow to Develop But Long-Lasting
Selective Interests
Focus on Substance

19. E: Active – I: Reflective (Entertainment, Learning)
Active Involvement
Socially Engaged
Speak vs Write
Take the Lead
Learn by Doing, Listening, Questioning
Visual, Intellectual, Mental
Internal Activities
Write vs. Speak
Learn Through Written Word

20. E: Enthusiastic – I: Quiet (Level & Kind of Energy)
Talkative & Hearty
Conversation for Conversation’s Sake
Group Discussions
First to Know
Action & Energetic People
Center of Attention
Calm & Reserved
Subdued Response; NOT Subdued Interest
Internal Response
Succinct
Understatement
Last to Hear

21. The Attitude Scale Extraversion (E) Initiating Expressive Gregarious
Active
Enthusiastic
Introversion (I)
Receiving
Contained
Intimate
Reflective
Quiet

22. E: Expressive – I: Contained (Emotional State, Interests)
Sharing
Open & Honest
Forthright w/Feelings
Easy to Know
Need Feedback
Selective
Comfort Before Sharing
Sparse w/Verbal & Body Language
Clam Up Under Stress
Hard to Know
Need Trust

23. The Perceiving Function
Sensing (S)
Concrete
Realistic
Practical
Experiential
Traditional
Intuition (N)
Abstract
Imaginative
Conceptual
Theoretical
Original

24. S: Concrete - N: Abstract (General Perception of World)
Prefer factual
Literal & specific words
Focus on “real”
Want verification
Value tangible
Abhor abstractions
See important meaning in ideas and abstractions
Use tangible world for associations to get meaning
Communicate with words which evoke associations
Use words to imply, not specify.

25. S: Realistic - N: Imaginative (Developing Something New)
Focus on pragmatic
What makes a real difference?
Efficiency goals
Value things for utility
Value “common sense”
Focus on possibilities
Images are important
Value creativity
Challenge tried & true “Conventional Wisdom”
Solution idea may not work

26. S: Practical - N: Conceptual (Product/Outcome of Perception)
Prefer practical application
Value known methods & process
Builders more than innovators
Like certainty, hate vague (“it all depends”)
Oriented to details of daily living
Seek meanings
Focus on inference
Enjoy making connections (ideas)
Value abstract intellectual discourse
Enjoy people with quick minds

27. S: Experiential - N: Theoretical (Making Knowledge/Meaning)
Validate by real experience
Wary of theory
Want specific instructions
Pleasure from expertly applying their experience
If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it!
Discern meanings
Search for patterns
Love/ponder theory
Enjoy making connections (ideas)
Enjoy chaos theory
Learn better given theory and context.

28. S: Traditional - N: Original (Social Context)
Prefer the way we have always done it.
Security from fitting in to group/community
Conformists
Like certainty, hate vague (“it all depends”)
Follow traditions and not fads
Want deliberate, evolving change
Dislike repetition and sameness
Inspired to do different
Enjoy variations (jazz?)
Value original dress and methods
Eccentricity is a virtue
Want re-invention and wholesale change

29. The Perceiving Function
Sensing (S)
Concrete
Realistic
Practical
Experiential
Traditional
Intuition (N)
Abstract
Imaginative
Conceptual
Theoretical
Original

30. S: Traditional - N: Original (Social Context)
Prefer the way we have always done it.
Security from fitting in to group/community
Conformists
Like certainty, hate vague (“it all depends”)
Follow traditions and not fads
Want deliberate, evolving change
Dislike repetition and sameness
Inspired to do different
Enjoy variations (jazz?)
Value original dress and methods
Eccentricity is a virtue
Want re-invention and wholesale change

31. The Judging Function Thinking (T) Logical Reasonable Questioning
Critical
Tough
Feeling (F)
Empathetic
Compassionate
Accommodating
Accepting
Tender

32. T: Logical – F: Empathetic (Judgment Criteria)
Analysis Using Reason
Assumptions, Facts, Rules
Disagree But Respect
Generalized & Impersonal Principles
Rights & Fairness
Framework of Relationships
Life Experience & Personal Meanings
Logic = One of Many Human Characteristics
Truth is Both Personal & Universal
Feelings > Rights

33. T: Reasonable – F: Compassionate (Maintaining Relationships)
Relationships are Task-Focused
Caring Through Analysis & Problem-Solving
Consistent
Equitable Distribution of Positives & Negatives
Personalized & Interconnected World
Relate Through Shared Experience
Judgments Based on Mercy
Uniqueness of People
Value Recognition Based on Relationships

34. T: Questioning – F: Accommodating (Dealing with Differences)
Detached, Impersonal Truth
Questioning Solves Problems
Find Common Ground
Truth Independent of Personalities
Socially Defined Reality
Focus on Own & Others’ Understanding
Questioning = Attack
Consensus Builders
Avoid Hurting Feelings

35. T: Critical – F: Accepting (Post-Judgment Activity)
Set Things Right
Honesty Over Tact
Notice What’s Wrong Before What’s Right
No Compromise: Hurt Feelings Will Recover, Bad Decisions Last
High Standards
Truth in Ideas & Viewpoints
Open to Others’ Views
Affirmation Ahead of Being Correct
Maintain Harmony

36. T: Tough – F: Tender (Carrying Out Decisions)
Stand Firm
No Compromise
“Do it right”
Distrust Use of Feelings, Attachments
Not Worried About Popularity of Decision
Effects Outweigh Logic
Well-Being is Central
“Do the right thing”
May Stand Firm, But Will Use Warmth in Conveying

37. The Judging Function Thinking (T) Logical Reasonable Questioning
Critical
Tough
Feeling (F)
Empathetic
Compassionate
Accommodating
Accepting
Tender

38. T: Tough – F: Tender (Carrying Out Decisions)
Stand Firm
No Compromise
“Do it right”
Distrust Use of Feelings, Attachments
Not Worried About Popularity of Decision
Effects Outweigh Logic
Well-Being is Central
“Do the right thing”
May Stand Firm, But Will Use Warmth in Conveying

39. Life Style Orientation
Judging (J)
Systematic
Planful
Early Starting
Scheduled
Methodical
Perceiving (P)
Casual
Open-Ended
Pressure-Prompted
Spontaneous
Emergent

40. J: Systematic - P: Casual (Organizing Our Environment)
Methodical approach to tasks
Schedule tasks
Use structure
Predict and meet deadlines
Hate inefficiency, clutter and waste
Hate chaos or indecision (“right or wrong, move out!)
Spontaneous approach
Open to new and fresh ways to do things
Like variety
Easy going on schedules, deadlines and decisions
Use loose unstructured aproach
May postpone important decisions until satisfied all sides are considered.

41. J: Planful - P: Open ended (Arranging Leisure/Social Time)
Prefer definite schedule for leisure time
Do long range planning
Will not take last minute options since their time is previously scheduled
Like certainty in their life schedule
Prefer unscheduled leisure time
Do what is most interesting at the moment
May cancel earlier plans to do something different (better)
Value freedom to chose as they go (with the flow)

42. J: Scheduled - P: Spontaneous (Structure to Daily Activities)
Prefer routine
Predictable and productive flow of tasks and activities
Rituals of daily and seasonal activity
Adapt to “daytimers”
Energized by variety
Find routine painful
Enjoy freedom to decide what to do and when
Introduce variety into their work
Hate being “stuck in a rut” of life routine (want to “ride to the ridge where the West commences…”

43. J: Methodical - P: Emergent (Sequencing Smaller Tasks)
Make Lists
Arrange Materials in Order
Contact People Well in Advance
Remind Those People
Read Directions Before Starting
Discover as They Go
Don’t Usually Start at First Step (May Not Do Steps in Order)
Prefer Looser, Less Structured Approach
Trial & Error
Read Directions as Last Resort

44. J: Early Starting - P: Pressure Prompted (Managing Time)
Prefer starting tasks early
Are stressed by needing to work at last minute to meet deadlines
Their stress of coping with deadline may erupt and impact relationships
Want to know their tasks early (so they can start early)
Feel like failures when they miss deadline
Do their best under deadline time pressure
Find it hard to work without deadline
Put off work until last minute (but they are thinking)
May not know how long it will take to do something
May lose enthusiasm and idea effectiveness if finishing early

45. PAIR UP Al Dennis Asghar Rick Bob Ed Charlie Vince Danny Julie Dave
Kathy
Doug
Michele
Eric
Gale
John
Steve
Joseph
Ken
Julie
Danny
Kathy
Dave
Joe
Mark
Valerie
Michele
Doug
Rick
Asghar
Vince
Charlie

46. Talk about scheduled departures – early, last minute, moderate or missed.

47. Life Style Orientation
Judging (J)
Systematic
Planful
Early Starting
Scheduled
Methodical
Perceiving (P)
Casual
Open-Ended
Pressure-Prompted
Spontaneous
Emergent

48. J: Early Starting - P: Pressure Prompted (Managing Time)
Prefer starting tasks early
Are stressed by needing to work at last minute to meet deadlines
Their stress of coping with deadline may erupt and impact relationships
Want to know their tasks early (so they can start early)
Feel like failures when they miss deadline
Do their best under deadline time pressure
Find it hard to work without deadline
Put off work until last minute (but they are thinking)
May not know how long it will take to do something
May lose enthusiasm and idea effectiveness if finishing early

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