1. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CHAPTER 3 Suffixes

2. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes Remember –Meaning of suffix does not change –Suffix does change meaning of the word Every medical word has an ending –Either a suffix or a complete word Suffixes make a word a noun or an adjective

3. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes: Rule When suffix begins with a consonant –Combining vowel is needed to attach suffix to word root –Example: cephalodynia Breakdown of word: cephal / o / dynia Root = cephal Combining vowel = o (is needed) Suffix = dynia (begins with consonant)

4. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes: Rule When suffix begins with a vowel –Combining vowel is not needed to attach suffix to word root –Example word: cephalalgia Breakdown of word: cephal / algia Root = cephal Combining form = (not needed) Suffix = algia (begins with a vowel)

5. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Question To combine the word root lith (stone) and suffix tripsy (crushing), is “lithtripsy” a valid medical term? a.No. The suffix begins with a consonant and needs a combining vowel. b.Yes. Every term needs a word root and an ending, and this has both. c.No. Every term needs a prefix as well. d.Yes. The suffix begins with a consonant and does not need a combining vowel.

6. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Answer a. You need to add a combining vowel if the suffix begins with a consonant.

7. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes: Rule Remember –When defining a medical term Define suffix first Define prefix second Define word root(s) last

8. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes Suffixes indicate specialties and/or specialists –May be specialist in a field of study –May be one who specializes in the study of –May be one who treats Suffixes indicate instruments –May be an instrument used to view –May be an instrument used to measure

9. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Suffixes Suffixes indicate surgical and diagnostic procedures –May be surgical puncture –May be process of recording –May be process of viewing with a scope –May be incision into

10. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Question The root “gastr” means stomach, and suffix “plasty” means surgical repair. How would you read the term “gastroplasty”? a.Stomach repair during surgery. b.Surgical repair of the stomach. c.Surgical stomach repair. d.Repair surgically of the stomach.

11. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Answer b. Suffix first, then the word root.

12. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Plurals When singular form ends in ‘a’ –Change the ‘a’ to ‘ae’ When singular form ends in ‘ax’ –Change the ‘ax’ to ‘aces’ When singular form ends in ‘is’ –Change the ‘is’ to ‘es’

13. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Plurals When singular form ends in ‘ix’, ‘ex’, or ‘yx’ –Change the ‘ix’, ‘ex’, or ‘yx’ to ‘ices’ When singular form ends in ‘on’ –Change the ‘on’ to ‘a’ When the singular form ends in ‘um’ –Change the ‘um’ to ‘a’

14. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Plurals When the singular form ends in ‘us’ –Change the ‘us’ to ‘i’ When the singular form ends in ‘ma’ –Change the ‘ma’ to ‘mata’

15. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Question True or False: Plural suffixes don't always follow a logical pattern, so it is important to study them.

16. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Answer True. For instance, instead of just adding an ‘s’ to the end to make things plural, there are odd ones like –ix, -ex, or –yx changing to – ices.