1. Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. --W.B. Yeats, "The Second Coming" (1919)

3. 1. What happened on November 11, 1918? 2. What did Karl Leibknecht and Rosa Luxumburg attempt to do? 3. What was organized in 1919 to conclude a final settlement of the Great War? 4. Who was Georges Clemenceau and what did he want? 5. What did President Wilson want to create to prevent future wars? 6. What was article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles and who hated it? 7. What were some of the new nation-states that were created after WW I?

4. 1. THE ARMISTICE/END OF WW I 2. ATTEMPTED COMMUNIST REV IN GERMANY 3. THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919 4. LEADER OF FRANCE – SECURITY/REVENGE 5. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 6. THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE – GERMANY 7. LITHUANIA, LATVIA, ESTONIA, POLAND, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, YUGOSLAVIA

5.  Swept away by World War I I. The Imperial German Empire II. Imperial Russia III. The Austro-Hungarian Empire IV. The Ottoman Empire

6.  The Big 4 1. Woodrow Wilson – USA The 14 Points Idealism Democracy National Self-determination League of Nations 2. David-Lloyd George – Britain Make Germany pay for the costs of the war 3. Georges Clemenceau– France Security/Protection against Germany Revenge 4. Vittorio Orlando – Italy Land grab Not a major play at the conference * Germany and Russia not invited

8.  THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE = Article 231 = Germany is blamed for causing the war  REPARATIONS  Restrictions on Germany military power  Demilitarization of the Rhine  Alsace and Lorraine returned to France “THE DICTAT” – Germans called it the forced peace

10.  FINLAND  LATVIA  LITHUANIA  ESTONIA  POLAND  AUSTRIA  HUNGARY  CZECHOSLOVAKIA  YUGOSLAVIA

11. 1. Modern Turkey replaces the Ottoman Empire 2. KEMAL ATTATURK = the founder and first leader of modern Turkey 3. Arabs are promised new states in the Middle East a. new boundaries drawn – artificial b. new countries created c. British and French Mandates

12. 1. Too harsh – hated by the Germans/made them angry and resentful 2. Too weak – no enforcement mechanism/they don’t end up keeping Germany in check 3. Failure of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS 4. United States rejection of the Treaty of Versailles = isolationism