1. Unit 9: Body Plan of Higher Organisms: Vertebrates Exercise 1:
The Frog, a Representative
Vertebrate
(Class Amphibia)
By:
Dr. Motasem Almasri

2. External Morphology: The major body parts: Head Trunk Limbs
It lacks a tail or a neck regions.

3. External Morphology: Eye protrudes from head, returns in orbit
Nostril (external nares) lead to nasal
chamber and can be closed by valves
Eye protrudes from head, returns in orbit
when closed & has nictitating membrane
for protection
N.B: internal nares are within the mouth
Tympanum (eardrum)
No outer ears

5. Forelimbs- short & support the anterior portion
Hindlimbs- Folded together at rest
had five toes connected by a web
Forelimbs- short & support the anterior portion
4 digits & a rudiment of thumb
Large Mouth

6. Mouth Cavity a. Esophagus opening (transverse slit) b. Vomerine teeth
3. Internal nares
5. Eustachian tube opening
7. tongue
8. Glottis

7. The Integument (Skin)

8. Circulatory System It consists of: Heart. Arteries. Veins.
Capillaries.
Lymph space

9. The Heart

10. The Heart
pericardial membrane

11. The Heart
RAVC

12. Venous System

13. Arterial System

14. Lungs

15. Digestive system

16. Digestive system

17. Digestive system
Stomach
ileum

18. Digestive system 16.Small intestine 17.Liver 18.Large intestine
19.Stomach

19. The Urogenital system It includes the urinary and reproductive system.
Urinary System:

20. Female Reproductive System
Ovary with eggs
Oviduct
N.B: Ovaries vary greatly in size and appearance
at different seasons.
Not directly connected to oviduct

21. Female Reproductive System
Spleen
Fat bodies
Large intestine
Ovary with eggs
Oviduct

22. Male Reproductive System

23. Male Reproductive System

24. The Skeletal System
Skull
(opening)

25. The Skeletal System

28. Muscular System

29. Mylohyoid

30. Muscular System
9.Gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon

31. Views of frog brain

32. Cranial Nerves in Frog and Their General Functions

33. Note:
Branchial nerve figure 9.15
Sciatic nerve figure 9.15