1. Brandon Weisman Political Science and Business College of Arts and Sciences and Fisher School of Business

2. Wind shear- change in wind speed and direction as you go up in atmosphere (horizontal) Tremendous updrift (vertical) - Veering winds (storm rotation) Hint of olive oil and nature’s fury

4. Helicity- fluid flow in atmosphere, predict tornadic development - Storm Relative Helicity (SRH)  450-600 Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale- based on damage (subjective) of tornado with connection to wind speed F1 (weak) F2 (strong) F3 (severe) F4 (devastating) F5 (incredible) Dr. Fujita spanking a misbehaved tornado

7. Development of upper-level trough (low pressure system) Powerful jet stream propelled trough  strong wind shear - move Northeastern into Ohio and Tennessee Valleys Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued moderate risk for severe weather for 3 consec. days

8. Largest, deadliest, and most destructive outbreak in U.S. history 358 confirmed Struck 21 states 348 fatalities Total damages: $11 billion

9. Supercell near Little Rock and surrounding Arkansas area Severe flooding all over country Tornadoes still in south Mostly weak Severe thunderstorms in Northeast and Midwest

10. Cold front with multiple low pressure systems Thunderstorms morphed into Squall Lines- low pressure areas/line of thunderstorms before or during cold front 15 violent tornadoes - rated EF-4 or higher (4 EF-5’s - Alabama hit the hardest

12. Tornadoes along coast from Florida to New York Widespread flooding in Midwest, South, and Eastern Seaboard Last tornadoes touched down were weak System moved out into Atlantic

15. Wind shear, updrift, and veering winds contribute to formation of tornadoes EF Scale April 25 th -28 th, 2011 deadliest outbreak in history in terms of mortality and damage

16. http://www.fastcompany.com/1755314/weather- phenomena-causing-2011s-tornado-explosion http://www.fastcompany.com/1755314/weather- phenomena-causing-2011s-tornado-explosion http://www.universetoday.com/71983/how-are-tornadoes- formed/ http://www.universetoday.com/71983/how-are-tornadoes- formed/ http://www.ustornadoes.com/2012/04/25/april-25-26-27- 28-2011-super-outbreak/ http://www.ustornadoes.com/2012/04/25/april-25-26-27- 28-2011-super-outbreak/ http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mob/?n=20110427_tor http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather- gang/post/super-tornado-outbreak-of-april-27-2011-one- year-anniversary/2012/04/27/gIQARRLJlT_blog.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather- gang/post/super-tornado-outbreak-of-april-27-2011-one- year-anniversary/2012/04/27/gIQARRLJlT_blog.html http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/deadly -tornado-outbreak-april-25-28-2011/25988/ http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/deadly -tornado-outbreak-april-25-28-2011/25988/

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