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Class #7: Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes Chapter 15 1Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010.

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Presentation on theme: "Class #7: Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes Chapter 15 1Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010."— Presentation transcript:

1 Class #7: Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes Chapter 15 1Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

2 Review for test #1 Chapter 2, pp. 30-49 Chapter 3, pp. 58-64; 73-75 Chapter 7, p. 174 Chapter 9, pp. 224-5; 232-4, 238-44 Chapter 10, pp. 260-266; 268 Chapter 15, pp. 412-436 Chapter 17, pp. 470-483 Class #7, Monday. September 13, 20102

3 Fig. 15-CO, p. 410 3Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

4 Tropical Weather Noon sun is always high, seasonal temperature changes small Daily heating and humidity = cumulus clouds and afternoon thunderstorms Non-squall clusters, tropical squall line, tropical wave Seasons defined by precipitation (higher sun season/ITCZ) as opposed to temperature 4Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

5 5

6 Anatomy of a Hurricane Intense storm of tropical origin with winds greater than 64kts; typhoon (N. Western Pacific), cyclone (Indian Ocean), tropical cyclone (Aust.) Eye, center, break in clouds, sinking air, lowest p Eye wall, intense thunderstorms, upward motion Spiral rain bands, principal rain band to northeast Anticyclonic divergence aloft over the storm Latent heat comes from ocean surface evaporation in strong winds, warm Temperatures 6Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

7 Fig. 15-2, p. 413 7Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

8 Fig. 15-3, p. 414 8Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

9 Stepped Art Fig. 15-3, p. 414 9Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

10 Stepped Art Fig. 15-3, p. 414 10Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

11 Stepped Art Fig. 15-3, p. 414 11Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

12 Fig. 15-4, p. 415 12Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

13 Fig. 15-5, p. 415 13Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

14 Fig. 15-6, p. 415 14Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

15 Hurricane Formation and Dissipation  The Right Environment Tropical waters with light wind, high humidity 26.5°C sea surface temperatures (June-November) Surface convergence trigger (tropical wave) Coriolis effect: 5-20º latitude Weak vertical wind shear, weak winds aloft  The Developing Storm Cluster of thunderstorms around a rotating low pressure center Release of latent heat, divergence aloft 15Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

16 16Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

17 17Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

18 18Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

19 Hurricane Formation and Dissipation The Storm Dies Out – Cold water, land Hurricane Stages of Development – Tropical Disturbance – Tropical Depression (22-34kts) – Tropical Storm (35-64kts) – Hurricane (> 65kts) 19Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

20 20Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

21 Fig. 1, p. 419 21Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

22 Hurricane Formation and Dissipation  Topic: Hurricanes and Mid-latitude Storms Hurricane warm core low Mid-latitude cold-core low Arctic hurricanes Hurricane + upper level trough = mid-latitude cyclone  Hurricane movement General track: west, northwest, northeast Much variation 22Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

23 23Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

24 24Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

25 Stepped Art Fig. 15-12, p. 421 25Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

26 26Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

27 Fig. 15-14, p. 422 27Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

28 Naming Hurricane and Tropical Storms Process has changed over the years: – Latitude and longitude – Letters of the alphabet – Alphabetical female names – Alphabetical, alternating female and male names – Retirement (Katrina, Camille) 28Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

29 Devastating Wind, Storm Surge, and Flooding Highest winds on the eastern side of storm (wind + speed of storm) Swell Storm surge on north side of storm (tide) Coastal flooding River flooding Hurricane spawned tornadoes Saffir-Simpson scale – 1 weakest, 5 strongest 29Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

30 30Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

31 Table 15-1a, p. 423 31Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

32 Table 15-1b, p. 423 32Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

33 33Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

34 Fig. 15-3, p. 414 34Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

35 35Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

36 Fig. 2, p. 425 36Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

37 Fig. 3, p. 425 37Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

38 38Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

39 Some Notable Storms Camille 1969 Hugo 1989 Andrew 1992 Ivan 2004 Katrina 2005 39Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

40 Some Notable Storms  Observation: Atlantic Hurricanes 2004-2005 Abnormally warm ocean water and weak vertical sheer allowed for high frequency of hurricanes  Environmental Issue: Hurricanes in a Warmer World No clear answer, need more data Intensity and frequency most likely to be impacted. 40Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

41 Table 15-2, p. 426 41Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

42 Table 15-3, p. 427 42Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

43 Fig. 15-18, p. 428 43Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

44 Fig. 15-19, p. 428 44Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

45 Fig. 15-20, p. 429 45Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

46 Fig. 15-21, p. 429 46Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

47 Fig. 15-22, p. 430 47Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

48 Fig. 15-22, p. 430 48Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

49 Fig. 15-22, p. 430 49Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

50 Fig. 15-23, p. 430 50Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

51 Fig. 4, p. 431 51Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

52 Stepped Art Fig. 4, p. 431 52Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

53 Fig. 15-24, p. 432 53Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

54 Fig. 15-25, p. 432 54Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

55 Fig. 15-26, p. 433 55Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

56 Fig. 15-27, p. 433 56Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

57 Fig. 5, p. 434 57Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

58 Hurricane Watches, Warnings, and Forecasts Watch issued 24-48 hours before hurricane expected to make landfall Warning issued when storm expected to strike coast within 24 hours and probability of strike in a given location provided. 58Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

59 59Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

60 Stepped Art Fig. 15-27, p. 433 60Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

61 Fig. 6, p. 434 61Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

62 Modifying Hurricanes Operation STORMFURY: seed clouds to create rain, weaken hurricane, and reduce winds; no conclusive evidence it was effective Oil or film on water to reduce evaporation and latent heat available to storms 62Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

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