1. CHAPTER 6: CELLS General

2. Cells: General

5. CHAPTER 6: CELLS Compartments

6. Compartments - NEW INTRAvascular EXTRAvascular INTRAcellular EXTRAcellular INTRAcellular INTERcellular INTRA = inside EXTRA = outside INTER = in-between VASC = blood vessel INTRAcellular

7. Cell Junctions - NEW different kinds of junctions “bind” different kinds of cells

8. CHAPTER 3: CELLS Organelles

9. Organelles: Cytoplasm the “stuff” that is inside of cells other than nucleus, ER, Golgi bodies, etc…

10. Organelles: Cell Membrane outer limit of cell selectively permeable (“picky”) comprised of phospholipids: –polar phosphate head –non-polar fatty acid tails self-arranged in a bilayer:

11. Organelles: Cell Membrane

14. Organelles: Vesicles “pockets” or “containers” of membrane found INTRAcellular and EXTRAcellular like a “soap bubble”

15. Organelles: Nucleus control center of the cell DNA -> RNA  proteins = Gene Expression

17. Chromatin

18. Centrioles

19. Organelles: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transport system container if contains ribosomes (protein factories, looks rough)

20. Ribosomes

21. Vacuoles

22. Paramecium Contractile vacuole http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/homeostasis.html

23. The endomembrane system’s interconnectedness. All membranes are the same bilayer.

24. Organelles: Mitochondria powerhouse of the cell produces ATP: –by cellular respiration –sugar + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP –C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 0 + ATP

26. Plastids

29. Peroxisomes Consume deadly free oxygen within the cell, transport it to mitochondria. Enzymes transfer hydrogen to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) H 2 O 2 is also toxic to a cell, and an enzyme made by the peroxisome can break down H 2 O 2 into O and H2O when necessary.

30. Fig. 7.19

32. Lysosome

33. The cytoskeleton maintains the cell’s shape and more… p.120 Microtubules largest compression resisting (girders) made of tubulin (tube) large scale movements: chromosomes flagella, cilia, Microfilaments smallest tension bearing (resists pulling) made of actin muscle contraction cytoplasmic movements (see 7.27) Intermediate filaments intermediate size tension bearing (resists pulling) made of keratin-type proteins anchors organelles

34. CHAPTER 6: CELLS Cell Types

35. vary in size possess distinctive shapes different functions: –red blood cells –white blood cells –nerve cells –muscle cells –bone cells

36. CHAPTER 6: CELLS Levels of Organization

37. subatomic particles: –protons (+1) –neutrons (0) –electrons (-1) atoms: –carbon –hydrogen –oxygen molecules: –water, glucose

38. Levels of Organization macromolecules: –proteins –DNA organelles: –nucleus –mitochondria cells: –RBCs –WBCs –nerve cells

39. Levels of Organization tissues: –cartilage –tendons –ligaments organs: –stomach –liver –pancreas –small intestines

40. Levels of Organization organ systems: –nervous –skeletal –digestive organism: –the entire human

41. Levels of Organization