2. Important Tips: Organelles-little organs Structures that carry out a certain function Cytosol-liquid portion of the cell Mostly water Many metabolic reactions take place here Contain macromolecules Cytoplasm-portion of cell outside the nucleus Includes organelles and cytosol

3. Nucleus Brain of the cell Houses the DNA (DNA has the instructions to make protein and other molecules) Nuclear envelope-surrounds the nucleus Has pores to allow certain things to enter and leave Nucleolus-small region in the nucleus Makes ribosomes What does it look like? Large circle in the middle of the cell Plant and animal

5. Ribosomes Makes proteins Orders to make proteins come from the nucleus Can be free floating in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum What does it look like? Dots Plant and animal

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER-makes protein due to ribosomes attached Packages protein too Looks like tubes with dots on surface Smooth ER-metabolizes cholesterol; membrane synthesis; detoxification; stores calcium No ribosomes attached Looks like tubes Plant and animal

7. Golgi apparatus Where proteins go after er Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from er for storage in cell or secretion What does it look like? Pancake stacks Plant and animal

8. Lysosomes Contains enzymes Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates Digests useless organelles Enzymes come from the golgi What does it look like? Small circles Animal and some plants

9. Vacuoles Storage compartments Plants have a large central vacuole Vacuole fills up with water and presses against the cell wall Creates a square shape and rigid structure Paramecium Contractile vacuole Pumps out excess water

10. Mitochondria Powerhouse of cell Creates cellular energy through a process called cellular respiration Has its own DNA that you inherit from your mom Looks like a jelly bean or kidney bean Plants and animals

11. Chloroplast Only in plants Filled with chlorophyll (green pigment) Carry out photosynthesis What do they look like? Watermelons Have DNA

12. Cytoskeleton Structures that provide shape, support, and movement Microfilaments Provide structure Actin in muscles Movement Amoebas Microtubules Maintain cell shape Help to separate chromosomes in mitosis Movement Cilia and flagella

14. Peroxisomes Filled with enzymes Animals-Get rid of toxic substances that the cell produces (like hydrogen peroxide which builds up in the liver) catalase here Plants-convert fatty acids to sugar and help the chloroplasts

15. Cell Wall Extra boundary around the plant cell Outside of membrane Gives plant shape, rigid structure, and protection

16. Questions 1. Plants/animals do not have chloroplasts 2. How is a cell like a factory? Every organelle has an important function in the assembly of molecules 3. Vacuole in plants allow the plant to support structures likes flowers and leaves 4. Mitochondria provide the energy or power for the cell in the form of ATP. 6. E 7. B