2. Objectives in studying the medical terms Analyze words by dividing them into component parts the medical term can be broken down into basic Parts in order to be understood. Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body. the medical term should be explained in the context of how the body works in health and disease Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems ilium: part of the pelvis ileum: part of small intestine

3. Word Analysis prefixrootsuffix Combining vowel

4. Combining Form Cardi/oHemat/o Combining Vowel oo Root cardihemat

5. Prefixes meaningterminologymeaningprefix A decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin. anemiano, not, without a-, an- The examination of a dead body determine the cause of death and nature of disease. autopsyselfauto- State of complete knowledge diagnosis through, completedia- Specialist of the study of the glands that secrete withinendocrinologistwithinendo-

6. Prefixes meaningterminologymeaningprefix pertaining to above the stomach The outermost layer of the skin epigastric epidermis above, uponepi- The process of cutting out (removal) exicisionoutex- Glands secreting the chemicals to the outside of the body through tubes exocrine glandsoutexo- Condition of excessive amount of sugar in bloodhyperglycemia excessive, above, more than normal hyper-

7. Prefixes meaningterminologymeaningprefix Pertaining to below the stomach Condition of deficiency of sugar in blood hypogastric hypoglycemia Deficient, below, less than normal Hypo- Process of cutting inincisioninto, inin- membrane or structure surrounding the heart pericardiumSurrounding, around Peri- State before knowledge (prediction of the case) prognosisbeforePro-

8. Prefixes meaningterminologymeaningprefix process of cutting back (removal). An operation in which an organ is “cut back” or removed resectionback, backward, again re- pertaining to behind the heart.retrocardiacbehindretro- pertaining to below the liver.subhepaticbelow, underSub- pertaining to across the livertranshepaticacross, throughtrans-

9. Combining Forms meaningterminologymeaningCombining form Tumor of a gland Inflammation of a gland adenoma adenitis glandaden/o Inflammation of a jointarthritisjointarthr/o Study of life Viewing of a living tissue (using a microscope) biology biopsy lifebi/o Cancerous tumor It grows from epithelial(surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body carcinomaCancerous, cancer Carcin/o

10. Combining forms meaningterminologyMeaningCombining form Study of the heartcardiologyheartCardi/o Pertaining to the headcephalicheadCephal/o Pertaining to the brain A cerebrovascular accident (CVA)(a stroke) occurs when damage to blood vessels in the cerebrum causes injury to nerve cells of the brain. cerebralCerebrum (largest part of the brain) Cerebr/o The process of cutting into the body. The process of cutting out of the body incision excision to cutCis/o

11. Combining forms MeaningterminologymeaningCombining form Glands that secrete within e.g. thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands Secrete hormones directly within into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete chemicals (saliva, sweat, tears) through tubes(ducts) to the outside of the body. Endocrine glandsSecrete(to form and give off) crin/o A process of visual examination of the urinary bladder cystoscopy Urinary bladder: a sac or a cyst(sac containing fluid) cyst/o Inflammation of the skin Pertaining to below the skin dermatitis hypodermic skinDerm/o Dermat/o Record of the electricity of the heart Electrocardiogram ECG EKG elecricityElectr/o

12. Combining forms meaningterminologymeaningCombining form Record of the electricity of the brain electroencephalogram EEG brainencephal/o Inflammation of the intestines The small intestine is narrower and longer than the large one(colon) enteritisIntestines (usually the small one) enter/o Red blood cell Erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood erythrocyte rederythr/o Removal of the stomach Cutting into the stomach gastrectomy gastrotomy stomachgastr/o

13. Combining forms meaningterminologymeaningCombining forms State of the complete knowledge It is made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient’s condition State of prior knowledge of the illness It is a prediction about the outcome of an illness, it is always given after diagnosis has been determine Diagnosis Prognosis knowledgegnos/o Study of female medical condition gynecologywoman, female gynec/o Study of blood Mass of blood It occurs when blood is lost from blood vessels and collects as clotted blood in a cavity or organ under the skin. hematology hematoma blood hemat/o hem/o Inflammation of the liverhepatitisliverhepat/o

14. Combining forms meaningterminologymeaningCombining forms Pertaining to cure/ treatment These conditions are unexpected side effects that result from treatment by a physician iatrogenictreatmentiatr/o White blood cell It helps the body fight disease leukocyteWhiteLeuk/o Inflammation of the kidney Study of the kidney Nephritis Nephrology kidneyNephr/o Study of the nerveneurologynerveNeur/o

15. Combining forms meaningterminologymeaningCombining forms Study of tumor A tumor specialist oncology oncologist tumoronc/o An instrument for visual examination of the eye ophthalmoscopeeyeOphthalm/o Inflammation of the bone Inflammation of the bones and the joints It is a condition of degeneration of bones and joints that occurs as the body ages. It is often accompanied by inflammation osteitis osteoartheritis boneOste/o Study of diseases Specialist in diseases He examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines a dead body to determine the cause of death pathology pathologist diseasePath/o