1. The Beliefs of Islam
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

2. Mnemonic Device
I.S.L.A.M.I.C.

3. I.
Islam’s Holy Book
The Quran or Koran – contains the teachings revealed to Muhammad the prophet of Allah

5. Started in the Middle East
Islam began in Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East

6. Laws = The 5 Pillars of Islam
Faith in Allah
Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
Giving alms to the poor (charity)
Fasting during Ramadan
Make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime

7. llah Allah is the Islamic name for GOD
Those who follow Allah are called MUSLIMS

8. Muhammad Muhammad is the founder of Islam
His teachings are written in the Koran

9. I. Islam is Monotheistic
Name another religion we have studied that is monotheistic =
Christianity

10. C.
Cities that are holy
Mecca – Muhammad was born here and is where the KAABA is located

11. C
ities that are holy
Medina – This is the city where Muhammad started Islam

13. C.
Cities that are holy
Jerusalem – This is where Muhammad left to heaven from

14. Dome of the Rock

15. Kaaba Is a large cube building It is the holiest place in Islam
This is the building Muslims face during prayer

17. Islam and Geography
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

18. Deserts Only a small strip of fertile land in south of Saudi Arabia
Few oases
The rest is Desert

20. Bedouins Nomads who live in the desert Organized into tribes and clans
Clans give security and support since they live in extreme conditions
Defended themselves from other clans who wanted water, grazing territory, livestock or food supplies

23. Islamic Way of Life Bedouin valued
Courage
Loyalty to family
Warrior skills
This would lead to Islamic way of life

24. Trade Routes
Many trade routes connected Arabia to major ocean and land trade routes
Extreme south of the peninsula
To the Byzantine in the north
Caravan routes went to the Silk Roads in the east
Transported spices to the west

26. Mecca Located in Saudi Arabia Important stop on trade routes
During holy months, caravans stopped in Mecca and this brought religious pilgrims who came to worship at the Kaaba

28. Kaaba
* Over the years many different gods and spirits were introduced here
Had over 360 idols brought by many tribes

29. The Spread Of Islam 100% Islam
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

30. Crisis Muhammad dies in 632 Muslims now had to find a new leader
Muhammad did not name a successor

31. Solution Muslims chose Abu-Bakr who was a loyal friend of Muhammad
He became the first Caliph
Caliph – (kay-lif) means successor or deputy

32. Abu-Bakr After Muhammad died some Muslims
Refused to pay taxes
Tried to say they were prophets themselves
Some tribes abandoned Islam
In order to get things under control, Abu-Bakr used the military to get authority.

33. Muslim State
By the time Abu died, the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia
Under the next 2 caliphs they took:
Syria
Lower Egypt
Parts of Persia
By 750 they controlled from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River (2x the width of the USA!!)

35. Muslim Troops They were successful because they were
Willing to struggle till the end for Islam
Well disciplined
Expertly commanded
Enemies were not used to their style of warfare

36. Byzantine and Persia
The Byzantine and Persia were already weak from long time conflicts
The people welcomed Islam

37. Treatment of Conquered People
Muslims were tolerant of conquered people
The Quran forbids forceful conversion
They let others keep their religion if they paid a poll tax
People who did not convert were not allowed to spread their own religions

38. The Spread Of Islam 2 100% Islam
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

39. Internal Conflict The 2 Caliphs after Abu Bakr were assassinated
After their assassinations, the elective system of choosing caliphs ended

40. Umayyads A family that came to power in 661
They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders.
They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus

42. Umayyads Surrounded themselves with riches
Some Muslims did not agree with the Umayyads and split.

43. The Split
Muslims split into two groups:
Muslims
SUNNI
SHI'A

44. SHI’A
Believe the leader should be a relative of Muhammad

45. SUNNI
This group followed the Umayyad rule and followed Muhammad’s example.

46. Sufi Another group who reacted against the rich life of the Umayyads
They led a life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual life of Islam
They meditated and chanted
Focused on the Quran

47. Muslim Architecture

48. Cultural Contributions
Muslim Achievement
Cultural Contributions
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

49. Cultural Blending
It is in Architecture that the greatest cultural blending can be seen
Already existing buildings were modified by Islamic Ideals
Islamic Features:
Multi-lobed interwoven arches
Domes
Minarets
Large courtyards

50. Multi-lobed interwoven arches

52. Domes

53. Dome of the Rock Located in Jerusalem
Rock in the center is believed to be the spot from where Muhammad ascended (rose) up to Heaven

57. Minarets
Towers built from where Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day

59. Large Courtyards

60. Mosaics Artwork created using tiny pieces of colored glass tiles
Muslims use mosaics to create geometric decorations on Mosques

63. Arabic Alphabet
Arabic was first used to translate the context of the Quran (The Holy Book of Islam)
Written from Right to Left
Made up of 28 letters

64. Calligraphy Art of beautiful handwriting
In Islam, showing living things in art was not allowed
So artists turned to calligraphy to express themselves.
Turn to page 247 in books

66. Universities Muhammad strongly believed in the power of learning
This led to support of places of learning by Muslim Leaders
Qualified physicians = treat the sick
Mathematicians and Astronomers = Calculated times for prayer

67. Muslim Achievement Part 2
Scientific Contributions
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

68. Math Arabic Numbers were adapted from India
Included the number ZERO
Led to study of optics which helped develop lenses for telescopes and microscopes

69. Medical Advances
The Comprehensive Book – An encyclopedia of medicine using knowledge from Greek, Syrian, Arabic and Indian sources of knowledge

70. Science Relied on Scientific observation and experimentation
Translated and studied Greek texts

71. Astrolabe? Page 245 in Text book What is it? What does it measure?
What is it compared to?
Describe this device.