1. Warm Up Copy HW Please take out last night’s HW Please review yesterday’s quiz and be ready to ask any questions you may have

2. Essential Questions How has the relationship between people and their government changed? How can societies use what they learned from the past?

3. Preview Describe a time when you were treated unfairly. What actions did you take to improve your situation? What actions could you have taken that you didn’t? Why didn’t you?

4. Rome’s Government Rome’s Government 1.The Etruscans ruled Rome from 616 and 509 B.C.E. 2. The patricians were a small group of wealthy landowners. They elected the “fathers of the state,” who advised the Etruscan king. 3. The plebeians were peasants, laborers, crafts people, and shopkeepers. They had very little voice in the government

5. Similarities in Classes… Both were Roman citizens Both had right to vote Both had to pay taxes Both had to serve in army

6. Differences in Classes… Not allowed to marry outside of your class. Plebeians could not hold political office

7. How did Rome’s Government Work? Consuls Praetors 2 Patricians chosen each year. Headed the army and ran the government. Could veto each other Interpreted law and act as judges. Senate 300 Patricians who served for life. Originally gave advice to consuls…later more powerful. Assembly of Centuries Elected Consuls and Praetors, passed laws.

8. President/VP

9. Supreme court Back row (left to right): Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, and Elena Kagan. Front row (left to right): Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg

10. cabinet

11. Congress: Senate and House of Representatives

12. Section 3 All power was in the hands of the patricians Power was in the hands of the Senate. Only patricians could be senators and consuls. Patricians elected the senators.

13. Section 4 Patricians held the power. They made the decisions and interpreted the laws to benefit themselves. Patricians were frightened by the actions of the plebeians because the work on the farms and in the city came to a halt. Also, patricians were afraid that, without plebeians, the army was too weak to defend Rome.

14. Section 5 The Tribunes of the Plebs spoke for the plebeians and could veto actions of the Senate. The Council of Plebs made laws for all plebeians.

15. Patricians Against Plebeians 494 BC- go on strike and set up their own Republic 471 BC- Council of Plebes-voice their concerns about the government 455 BC- marriage between classes is OK and plebeians can veto laws 451 BCE- Twelve Tables first set of written laws-451 BCE Applied only to Roman Citizens. * 367 BCE- ½ consuls must be Plebeian 300 BC- could advise consuls 287 BC- Council of Plebes could pass laws Nice reforms, but the rich still held most of the power and women had none

16. Roman Law The Law of Nations later formed to apply to non-citizens and citizens – Innocent until proven guilty – Right to defend yourself before judge.

17. Struggles of Various Social Groups Roman Republic 494 BC- go on strike and set up their own Republic 471 BC- Council of Plebes-voice their concerns about the government 455 BC- marriage between classes is OK and plebeians can veto laws 300 BC- could advise consuls 287 BC- Council of Plebes could pass laws United States 1868 -Birth - "All persons born or naturalized" "are citizens" of the U.S. and the U.S. State where they reside -1 4th Amendment 1870- "Race, color, or previous condition of servitude" - 15th Amendment 1920- "On account of sex" - 19th Amendment, 1961- In Washington, D.C., presidential elections 23rd Amendment 1966-"By reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax“ 1971-"Who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of age" 26th Amendment

18. Who would be the next groups that need to more rights?????

19. Section 5 Characteristics of the Roman/US Republic a written Constitution elected assemblies citizenship civic duty checks and balances Spirit of republicanism.

20. Closure Define the following terms Republic Patricians Plebeians Senate Consul Veto