1. 1. What is a hypothesis? A testable statement 2. Where is DNA located in eukaryotes? Nucleus

2. 3. When are gametes produced? During Meiosis 4. What is the end result of meiosis? Four haploid gametes

3. 5. What is crossing over and when does it occur? When homologous chromosomes exchange genes during Prophase I

4. 6. What is in a DNA and RNA nucleiotide? DNA 1.Deoxyribose sugar, 2.phosphate, 3.Base (A, T, G, C) RNA 1.Ribose sugar, 2.phosphate, 3.Base (A, U, G, C)

5. 7. Name the 3 main differences between DNA and RNA. 1.Sugar- Ribose or Deoxyribose 2.Base- Uracil instead of Thymine 3.RNA is half a ladder, DNA is a full ladder

6. 8. How is information for specifying traits carried on the DNA? Since there are ONLY 4 different nucleotides..it is the arrangement or the order of those nucleotides that specify traits!

7. 9. Name the 3 types of RNA. Which ones contribute to P.S? mRNA, rRNA and tRNA ALL of them help with Protein Synthesis

8. 10. What is transcription and what is produced? The process that takes place in the nucleus where DNA’s code is copied into RNA. mRNA is produced!

9. 11. What is the role of mRNA? Copy the code from DNA and carry it to rRNA in the cytoplasm 12. Which RNA serves as a blueprint of the genetic code? mRNA

10. 13. Transcribe DNA: ATCCGTC mRNA:UAGGCAG 14. How many nucleotides make up 1 codon? 3

11. 15.How many Amino Acids are there? How many Codons? 20 AA’s and 64 Codons 16. How many codons are needed to specify 5 AA’s? 5

12. 17. What is the Genetic Code?

13. 18. What happens during Translation The cell uses information carried on mRNA to produce proteins 19. Write the complement to the anticodon GUG. CAC

14. 20. What starts translation? What stops it? Start Codon (AUG) and 3 Stop Codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)

15. 21. Compare codons and anticodons Codons are found on mRNA and anti-codons are found on tRNA 22. Genes contain instuctions for making what? Protein

16. 23. Why are mutations important? It allows for CHANGE or Variety 24. List and describe the types of mutations. 1.Chromosomal-happens on the chromosomes 2.Point- involve one or a few nucleotides

17. 25. OMIT 26. Which point mutation would never be a frame shift mutation? Substitution 27.Why can the deletion of a single nitrogen base in DNA be harmful? It can change they way it codes

18. 28. Explain why it is possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one codon. There are only 20 amino acids and 64 codons

19. What is the end product of this picture?

20. 30. In the picture where is a codon?