1. Active Lecture Questions Chapter 4
Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
They usually have a single, circular chromosome.
They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
Their DNA is not associated with histones.
They lack a plasma membrane.
Answer: e

3. Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in a solution of distilled water and penicillin?
No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Water will move into the cell.
Water will move out of the cell.
The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Answer: d

4. Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-negative bacterium is placed in a solution of distilled water and penicillin?
No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Water will move into the cell.
Water will move out of the cell.
The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
None of the above.
Answer: b

5. Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in an aqueous solution of lysozyme and 10% sucrose?
No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Water will move into the cell.
Water will move out of the cell.
The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Answer: a

6. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a cell exposed to polymyxins that destroy phospholipids?
In an isotonic solution, nothing will happen.
In a hypotonic solution, the cell will lyse.
Water will move into the cell.
Intracellular contents will leak from the cell.
Any of the above might happen.
Answer: d

7. Which of the following statements about fimbriae is FALSE?
They are composed of protein.
They may be used for attachment.
They are found on gram-negative cells.
They are composed of pilin.
They may be used for motility.
Answer: e

8. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
glycocalyx—adherence
pili—reproduction
cell wall—toxin
cell wall—protection
plasma membrane—transport
Answer: b

9. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
metachromatic granules—stored phosphates
polysaccharide granules—stored starch
lipid inclusions—poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid
sulfur granules—energy reserve
ribosomes—protein storage
Answer: e

10. You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus
You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has
ribosomes.
mitochondria.
an endoplasmic reticulum.
a Golgi complex.
all of the above
Answer: a

11. The antibiotic amphotericin B disrupts plasma membranes by combining with sterols; it will affect all of the following cells EXCEPT
animal cells.
bacterial cells.
fungal cells.
d. Mycoplasma cells.
e. plant cells.
Answer: b

12. binary fission. spore formation. mitosis. budding.
Bacteria reproduce by
binary fission.
spore formation.
mitosis.
budding.
Answer: a

13. fimbriae cell membrane gram-positive cell wall lipid A
Which of the following cell structures play a part in initiating disease?
fimbriae
cell membrane
gram-positive cell wall
lipid A
Answer: a

14. Which of the following organelles resembles a prokaryotic cell?
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c

15. What substance makes up the framework of the prokaryotic cell wall?
cellulose
glucan
chitin
peptidoglycan
Answer: d

16. The cell walls of gram-positive bacteria contain
mannan.
teichoic acid.
cellulose.
chitin.
Answer: b

17. L-forms. fungi. protoplasts. mycoplasmas.
Cell walls are found in
L-forms.
fungi.
protoplasts.
mycoplasmas.
Answer: b

18. Which structure protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis?
capsule
endospore
flagellum
axial filament
Answer: a

19. Spirochetes move by means of
axial filaments.
flagella.
pili.
fimbriae.
Answer: a

20. Which of the following statements regarding capsules is FALSE?
They promote virulence.
They promote antigenicity.
They can be called a slime layer.
They can be stained using a negative stain.
Answer: c

21. Metachromatic granules are collectively known as
carboxysomes.
volutin.
magnetosomes.
polysaccharide granules.
Answer: a

22. capsule carboxysome endospore gas vacuole
Which of the following structures allow a cell to survive adverse environmental conditions?
capsule
carboxysome
endospore
gas vacuole
Answer: c

23. In the lab you have just isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume that the cell
has a cell wall.
has a nucleus.
has a mitochondrion.
has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
Answer: a

24. active transport. facilitated diffusion. osmosis. simple diffusion.
A cell can transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration by the physiological process of
active transport.
facilitated diffusion.
osmosis.
simple diffusion.
Answer: a

25. phospholipids proteins carbohydrates sterols
Which of the following substances in the eukaryotic plasma membrane serve as attachment sites for bacteria?
phospholipids
proteins
carbohydrates
sterols
Answer: c

26. Which organelle contains one or more enzymes that can oxidize various organic substances?
lysosomes
peroxisomes
Golgi complex
centrioles
Answer: b