1. A plant is a(an) unicellular prokaryote. multicellular prokaryote.
unicellular eukaryote.
multicellular eukaryote. 1 2 3 4 5

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all plants?
are eukaryotic
have cell walls
produce seeds
are multicellular 1 2 3 4 5

3. To produce spores, all plants must undergo
mitosis.
meiosis.
fertilization.
asexual reproduction. 1 2 3 4 5

4. Plants use the energy of sunlight to
exchange gases with the atmosphere.
take in water from the soil.
carry out cellular respiration.
carry out photosynthesis. 1 2 3 4 5

5. Without gas exchange, a plant would be unable to
make food.
absorb sunlight.
make minerals.
absorb water from the soil. 1 2 3 4 5

6. Which of the following is NOT true?
Plants have adaptations that maximize light absorption.
Plants require more water on a sunny day.
Plants get the water they need from the atmosphere.
Plants can lose water while exchanging gases with the atmosphere. 1 2 3 4 5

7. The first plants evolved from
mosses.
an organism similar to multicellular green algae.
a protist that lived on land.
photosynthetic prokaryotes. 1 2 3 4 5

8. Living on land required that plants
evolve photosynthetic pigments.
conserve water.
exchange gases.
have cell walls. 1 2 3 4 5

9. Without plants, animals could not live on land.
there would be no green algae in the oceans.
animals could not undergo cellular respiration.
there would be no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 1 2 3 4 5

10. Which of the following statements is true about bryophytes?
They have specialized tissues that conduct water.
They draw up water by osmosis.
They are not highly dependent on water.
They are a group of plants made up of algae and mosses. 1 2 3 4 5

11. Bryophytes need standing water to
reproduce.
draw up water by osmosis.
undergo photosynthesis.
grow tall. 1 2 3 4 5

12. Because bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, they
do not conduct water.
grow close to the ground.
can draw up water only a few centimeters above the ground.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

13. In liverworts, the structures that produce eggs and sperm look like
fronds.
horns.
liver.
tiny green umbrellas. 1 2 3 4 5

14. Which one of the following structures has functions similar to that of roots?
gemma
rhizoid
capsule
stalk 1 2 3 4 5

15. Which of the following is NOT true about mosses?
They are the most common bryophytes.
Long, thin cells called gemmae anchor them in the ground.
They are the most abundant plants in polar regions.
Some mosses form clumps of gametophytes growing together. 1 2 3 4 5

16. What is the sperm-producing structure of a bryophyte?
gemma
archegonium
rhizoid
antheridium 1 2 3 4 5

17. Which of the following is LEAST related to the others?
protonema
sporophyte
gametophyte
rhizoid 1 2 3 4 5

18. In bryophytes, haploid reproductive cells are produced by the
haploid stage.
diploid stage.
gametophyte and sporophyte.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

19. Which of the following includes all the others?
xylem
vascular tissue
phloem
tracheids 1 2 3 4 5

20. Xylem and phloem are NOT
conducting tissues.
vascular tissues.
present in bryophytes.
present in ferns. 1 2 3 4 5

21. Xylem tissue is important to ferns because it
can conduct water over long distances.
allows water to diffuse into the roots.
carries carbohydrates to all parts of the plant.
allows ferns to reproduce in dry environments. 1 2 3 4 5

22. Club mosses are nonvascular plants. seed plants.
seedless vascular plants.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

23. Horsetails do NOT have xylem tissue. produce seeds. have roots.
have phloem tissue. 1 2 3 4 5

24. Which of the following statements is true?
Ferns can thrive in areas with little light.
Unlike club mosses, ferns grow in moist environments.
Fern fronds grow from the plant’s roots.
The leaves of Equisetum lack bundles of vascular tissue. 1 2 3 4 5

25. Fern spores are produced by the gametophyte. produced in the rhizomes.
called sori.
produced in sporangia. 1 2 3 4 5

26. Which of the following structures in ferns is diploid?
gametophyte
sporangium
egg
spore 1 2 3 4 5

27. How is the fern life cycle different from the moss life cycle?
A fern gametophyte always has both archegonia and antheridia.
The young gametophyte is haploid.
The mature sporophyte is diploid.
The mature sporophyte grows from the gametophyte. 1 2 3 4 5

28. Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering?
pollen grain
spore
seed
gametophyte 1 2 3 4 5

29. Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
they have vascular tissue.
they do not have a gametophyte generation.
their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

30. The gametophytes of gymnosperms are found inside reproductive structures called
flowers.
cones.
embryos.
angiosperms. 1 2 3 4 5

31. When land environments became drier millions of years ago,
many moss and fern species became extinct.
mosses evolved vascular tissue.
mosses and ferns no longer required water for reproduction.
many angiosperm species became extinct. 1 2 3 4 5

32. The most ancient surviving seed plants are the
mosses.
liverworts.
ferns.
gymnosperms. 1 2 3 4 5

33. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Seed plants can coexist with seedless plants.
The evolution of seed plants caused many species of mosses and ferns to become extinct.
Early seed plants were successful because they were adapted to dry environments.
Fossils of seed-bearing plants exist from almost 360 million years ago. 1 2 3 4 5

34. The four groups of gymnosperms are conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and
bryophytes.
horsetails.
liverworts.
gnetophytes. 1 2 3 4 5

35. Which gymnosperms produce exposed seeds?
conifers only
conifers and cycads only
conifers and ginkgoes only
conifers, cycads, gnetophytes, and ginkgoes 1 2 3 4 5

36. There is evidence that Ginkgo biloba
was the first gymnosperm to have evolved.
evolved before most other living species of seed plants.
evolved from an angiosperm.
has characteristics that differ greatly from its ancestors. 1 2 3 4 5

37. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called
pollen grains.
cones.
ovaries.
petals. 1 2 3 4 5

38. Which term below is least closely related to the others?
fruit
seed
ovary
cone 1 2 3 4 5

39. The specialized reproductive structure that evolved most recently is the
seed.
pollen grain.
ovary.
gametophyte. 1 2 3 4 5

40. An example of a monocot is a
tomato.
lily.
rose.
daisy. 1 2 3 4 5

41. The number of seed leaves distinguishes
club mosses from mosses.
angiosperms from gymnosperms.
two classes of angiosperms.
seed plants from seedless plants. 1 2 3 4 5

42. Unlike a dicot, a monocot has
four or five petals per flower.
two cotyledons.
taproots.
parallel leaf veins. 1 2 3 4 5

43. Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within a single growing season are called
annuals.
dicots.
perennials.
monocots. 1 2 3 4 5

44. Which type of plant lives the longest?
annual
biennial
perennial
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The roots of a perennial do not die at the end of the growing season.
A biennial is smaller during its second growing season.
The stems of some perennials die at the end of the growing season.
A biennial flowers only once. 1 2 3 4 5

46. If an organism is multicellular, it cannot be a plant
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

47. Losing excessive amounts of water through evaporation may affect a plant’s ability to carry out photosynthesis. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

48. Figure 22–1 shows the evolutionary relationship of the major plant groups living on Earth today. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. Bryophytes are low-growing because they lack vascular tissue
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. Bryophytes include ferns, liverworts, and hornworts
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. Having archegonia and antheridia located on the same moss plant would help ensure fertilization. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

52. Xylem tissue transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. The thick cell walls of tracheids prevent the cells from bulging when water moves through them. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. Tracheids extend from the roots to the leaves of a club moss
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. A frond is part of a fern’s haploid stage. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. The most important adaptation that enabled the ancestors of gymnosperms and angiosperms to live in dry environments was the spore. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Welwitschia is a gnetophyte that lives in the desert
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

58. Unique reproductive features commonly known as flowers are characteristic of gymnosperms. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. If a seed has two cotyledons, it will have fibrous roots
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. Biennials are pollinated during their first year of growth
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

62. The ____________________ of all plants are made of cellulose.1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

63. Plants need to exchange ______________________________ with the atmosphere in order to carry out the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. 1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

64. 38
Figure 22–1

65. According to Figure 22–1, cone-bearing plants evolved before ____________________.3 4 5
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66. Figure 22–1 shows that plants evolved _________________________ before they evolved seeds.3 4 5
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67. The sperm of bryophytes need ____________________ to reach eggs of other individuals.1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

68. If you planted a bryophyte in a dry environment, it would lose water by the process of ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

69. Water moves from cell to cell in the rhizoids of a moss by the process of ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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70. The capsule of a moss produces ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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71. In moss plants, the diploid zygote is the beginning of the ____________________ stage of the life cycle. 1 2 3 4 5
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72. Ferns can live in shaded areas of a forest most likely because they have ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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73. If a sorus on a fern contains 1000 spores, it will produce about 1000 ____________________.2 3 4 5
0 of 5

74. Most seeds can survive extreme heat for long periods because they have a(an) ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

75. Depending on its life span, a plant can be an annual, perennial, or ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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76. Farmers must plant wheat each year because wheat is a(an) ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

77. The ____________________ of an herbaceous perennial do not die over winter.1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

78. Why is the sporophyte phase of all plants diploid?1 2 3 4 5
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79. Why is diffusion the process in which water and nutrients move throughout simpler types of plants but not through more complex plants? 1 2 3 4 5
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80. Why are bryophytes considered to be successful land plants even though they are not fully terrestrial? 1 2 3 4 5
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81. How are the rhizoids of mosses similar to roots? How are they different?1 2 3 4 5
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82. Why is Equisetum sometimes called scouring rush?1 2 3 4 5
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83. Why are the roots, stems, and leaves of ferns and their relatives considered to be true?1 2 3 4 5
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84. Describe the structure of a fern gametophyte.1 2 3 4 5
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85. What is a pollen grain? 1 2 3 4 5
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86. What formed the coal deposits in the eastern United States?1 2 3 4 5
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87. What does the term living fossil mean?1 2 3 4 5
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88. Although cycads do not need water to reproduce, they grow in wet environments. Suggest why.1 2 3 4 5
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89. Define fruit. 1 2 3 4 5
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90. What could cause an angiosperm seedling to grow a long distance from the location of its parent plant? 1 2 3 4 5
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91. Contrast the number of cotyledons in a monocot and dicot.1 2 3 4 5
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92. Are lilies more closely related to corn or to roses
Are lilies more closely related to corn or to roses? Explain your answer 1 2 3 4 5
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93. Describe similarities between multicellular green algae and plants
Describe similarities between multicellular green algae and plants. What do these similarities suggest? 1 2 3 4 5
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94. What is the evolutionary relationship between the angiosperms and gymnosperms living today? Did the angiosperms evolve from the gymnosperms? 1 2 3 4 5
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95. Describe how a sporophyte is formed during the life cycle of a moss plant.1 2 3 4 5
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96. Explain the importance of vascular tissue in plants.1 2 3 4 5
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97. Compare and contrast the sporophyte stages of mosses and ferns
Compare and contrast the sporophyte stages of mosses and ferns. Include at least two similarities and two differences. Then, do the same for their gametophyte stages. 1 2 3 4 5
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98. What structure in the fern life cycle is analogous to the embryo in a seed? How are the two structures similar? How are they different? 1 2 3 4 5
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99. How do animals aid in the reproduction of seed plants?1 2 3 4 5
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100. What is a seed fern, and why are seed ferns important to biologists?1 2 3 4 5
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101. How might Earth be different today if the continents had not become much drier about 400 million years ago? 1 2 3 4 5
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102. Compare and contrast angiosperms and gymnosperms.1 2 3 4 5
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