1. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 1 FAIR at GSI and the Future of Hadron Physics J. Marton Institute for Medium Energy Physics Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna F acility for A ntiproton I on R esearch Introduction Facility Layout and Characteristics Scientific Areas and Goals Research with Antiprotons Summary

2. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 2 Perspectives Enormous international interest in the opportunities of the new facility Long Range Plan 2004: NuPECC recommends the highest priority for a new construction project the building of the international “Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)“ at the GSI Laboratory in Darmstadt.

3. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 3 FAIR Dec. 2001 Conceptual Design Report July 2002: project positively evaluated by German Science Council Feb 2003: positive decision of BMBF (Ministry of Education & Research)

4. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 4 GSI today and in the future Existing facility: UNILAC < 15 MeV/u SIS < 1-2 GeV/u ESR < 0.8 GeV/u

5. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 5 FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Existing GSI facility Future facility Cooled beams Rapidly cycling SC magnets Key Technical Features

6. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 6 Primary Beams Primary beams: 10 12 /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U 28+ Factor 100-1000 over present intensity 2-4 10 13 /s 30 GeV protons 10 10 /s 25-35 GeV/u 238 U 73+

7. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 7 Secondary Beams Secondary Beams: Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5-2 GeV/u up to factor 10000 in intensity over present Storage and Cooler Rings: 10 11 stored and cooled 1 -15 GeV/c antiprotons Radioactive beams e-A collider pbar-A collider

8. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 8 Storage Rings Collector (CR) and Storage Rings (NESR) for Ions and Antiprotons AIC and eA collider Electron cooler rel. ion velocity v/v 0 ion intensity

9. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 9 HESR 10 11 stored antiprotons 1 - 15 GeV/c L = 2 x 10 32 cm -2 s -1  p/p ≥ 10 -5 (high resolution mode)  x/x ≥ 100  m High Energy Storage Ring

10. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 10 Research Areas @ FAIR

11. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 11 Research Areas @ FAIR Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei - Radioactive Beams Nucleonic matter Nuclear astrophysics Fundamental symmetries Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon Dynamics - Antiprotons Non-pertubative QCD Quark-gluon degrees of freedom Confinement and chiral symmetry Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma - Relativistic HI - Beams Nuclear phase diagram Compressed nuclear/strange matter Deconfinement and chiral symmetry Physics of Dense Plasmas and Bulk Matter - Bunch Compression Properties of high density plasmas Phase transitions and equation of state Laser - ion interaction with and in plasmas Ultra High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt Laser QED and critical fields Ion - laser interaction Ion - matter interaction SIS 18 Ion Beam Heating Jupiter Sun Surface Magnetic Fusion solid state density Temperature [eV] Density [cm -3 ] Laser Heating PHELIX Ideal plasmas Strongly coupled plasmas Sun Core Inertial Cofinement Fusion

12. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 12 Antiproton Physics PANDA AIC FLAIR Our institute is cooperation partner in FAIR antiproton experiments at low, medium and high energy  LOIs with positive PAC decisions  Technical proposals in preparation pbar energy

13. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 13 antiP roton- ANnihilation at DA rmstadt Strong interaction Studies with Antiprotons

14. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 14 PANDA goals ● Systematic study of the complete spectrum (high statistics, high precision) ● Many states are still missing. ● pp: direct population of all states. ● HESR allows investigation of states above DD threshold. ● Cooled beams with  p/p=10 -5 allow high precision scan of resonances. 35003520 MeV3510 CBall ev./2 MeV 100 E CM CBall E835 1000 E 835 ev./pb  c1 PANDA: charmonium spectroscopy

15. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 15 PANDA physics  Search for glueballs and hybrids  D mesons in matter  Hypernuclei

16. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 16 PANDA Multi-purpose 4π detector system Schematic top-view pbar – Nearly full solid angle for charged particles and gammas – High rate capability – Good particle identification (e, , π, K, p) – Efficient trigger on e, , K

17. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 17 Internal Target System PANDA Magnet Development supported by I3-HadronPhysics within FP6 Cluster-Jet Target  homogenous density profile  also suitable for other gases  goal: density 10 15 at/cm 2  lateral spread at intersection < 10 mm  gas load on ring vacuum to be minimized Other target opportunities: Hydrogen Pellet Target Nuclear targets (wire, fiber)

18. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 18 Detector parts Target Spectrometer -Micro Vertex Detector -Tracking Detectors Straw Tube Tracker Mini Drift Chambers -Particle Identification DIRC Aerogel Cherenkov Counter Muon Detection -Electromagnetic Calorimeter -Germanium Detectors (for hypernuclei) Forward spectrometer Dipole Magnet Tracking Detectors Particle Identification (TOF, RICH) 15 - 16.000 modules

19. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 19 PANDA Collaboration

20. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 20 A ntiproton- I on C ollider A tool for the measurement of both neutron and proton rms radii of stable and radioactive nuclei

21. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 21 Procedure Production of neutron rich nuclei by fragmentation at medium energies Storing of products in a cooler ring NESR (740 MeV) Production of antiprotons with 30 GeV protons Cooling and storing of antiprotons Deceleration and cooling of antiprotons Transfer in collider ring AIC (E(pbar)= 30 MeV) Head-on collisions ions-pbars Detection of the reaction products Extraction of cross sections prop. to n/p density distribution rms radii of n-p and their differences

22. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 22  p - A CR (Collector Ring) fast stochastic cooling (cooling time ≤ 5s) RESR accumulation of pbars final pbar cooling deceleration of RI beams NESR (New Storage Ring) experiments with RI deceleration of pbars pbar ring AIC head on collisions with ions Layout of Rings

23. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 23 Detection by Schottky Spectroscopy High sensitivity by analysis of revolution frequency  Isobars (A-1) with Z-1 and N-1 to be resolved

24. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 24 F acility for L ow A ntiproton I on R esearch high-brightness high-intensity low-energy antiproton beams Chairman of Steering Committee: E. Widmann (Univ. Tokyo)

25. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 25 Goals  Precision measurements matter-antimatter (a)symmetry antihydrogen: CPT, gravitation  X-ray spectroscopy pbar-nucleon interaction low energy QCD  Atomic physics exotic atom formation atomic collisions  Applications (medicin)

26. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 26 Low Energy pbars  lower (optimum) energy and substantially higher intensities  best suited facility for low energy antiproton physics

27. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 27 FLAIR

28. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 28 FLAIR Layout

29. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 29 FLAIR Community

30. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 30 COSTS Building and infrastructure:225 Mio. € Accelerator:265 Mio. € Experimental stations / detectors: 185 Mio. € Total:675 Mio. € SCHEDULE Users interest FAIR: Users, Costs and Schedules

31. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 31 Staged Construction of FAIR

32. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 32 Summary Features of FAIR Increased beam intensity by factor 10000 Higher beam energies by factor 20 Production of antiproton beams Excellent beam quality by novel beam cooling Efficient parallel operation of accelerators  Finished in ~2012  Investment: ~ 675 M€ (25% from international partners)  Users: ~ 2500 / y

33. J. Marton, ÖPG-FAKT, Weyer, September 27, 2004 33 Post scriptum …. In short, this facility is broadly supported since it will benefit almost all fields of nuclear science with new research opportunities. ad FAIR in NuPECC Long Range Plan 2004 Executive Summary Recommendations and Priorities