1. Early Medieval Art: Illuminated Manuscripts
Book of Kells St. Gall Godescalc Evangelistary Utrecht Psalter

2. A monk-cellarer tasting wine from a barrel whilst filling a jug.
From Li Livres dou Santé - France, late 13th century.
5:00 Name of the Rose--Scriptorium

3. King Arthur Fighting the Saxons illustration taken from the Rochefoucauld Grail

4. Battle of Menfo from the Hungarian Chronicon Pictum 1360

5. What do we need to notice?
Chi Rho Iota page Book of Matthew, chapter one, verse eighteen from The Book of Kells late 8th or early 9th century oxgall inks and pigments on vellum
What do we need to notice?
The Book of Kells (Trinity College Dublin MS 58) is celebrated for its lavish decoration. The manuscript contains the four Gospels in Latin based on a Vulgate text, written on vellum (prepared calfskin), in a bold and expert version of the script known as "insular majuscule".
The place of origin of the Book of Kells is generally attributed to the scriptorium of the monastery founded around 561 by St Colum Cille on Iona, an island off the west coast of Scotland. In 806, following a Viking raid on the island which left 68 of the community dead, the Columban monks took refuge in a new monastery at Kells, County Meath. It must have been close to the year 800 that the Book of Kells was written, although there is no way of knowing if the book was produced wholly at Iona or at Kells, or partially at each location.
It has been on display in the Old Library at Trinity College Dublin from the mid 19th century, and attracts over 500,000 visitors a year. Since 1953 it has been bound in four volumes. Two volumes are on public view, one opened to display a major decorated page, and one to show two pages of script. The volumes are changed at regular intervals.

6. interlace patterns

7. ribbon interlace from the Book of Durrow 650-700
Making Manuscripts
The Structure of a Medieval Manuscript

8. Illuminated tugra of Sultan Suleyman, from Istanbul, Turkeyc
ink, paint, and gold on paper

9. Who are the four evangelists?
Matthew – symbol: winged man or angel
Mark– symbol: winged lion
Luke– symbol: winged ox or bull
John– symbol: eagle
According to tradition these four men wrote the four Gospel accounts in the New Testament.
However, Elaine Pagels (a professor at Princeton University) makes a case for other Gnostic Gospels by Thomas and Judas as well as others; these gospels were not included in the orthodox text of the new testament.
Elaine Pagels: The Gnostic Gospels
Reading Judas: The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity
Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of St. Thomas

10. Page with Mark the Evangelist Book of Mark, Godescalc Evangelistary ink, gold, colors on vellum
Produced in Charlemagne's Court.
What do we need to notice?

11. Page with Christ in Majesty Book of Mark, Godescalc Evangelistary ink, gold, colors on vellum
Produced in Charlemagne's Court.
What do we need to notice?

12. Page with Matthew the Evangelist Book of Matthew
Ebbo Gospels, c
Smarthistory: Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospel

13. What is the annunciation?
Hitda Codex The Annunciation c Illumination Hessische Landesbibliothek, Darmstadt
What is the annunciation?
When the Archangel Gabriel announces to Mary that she will conceive God’s child; according to apocrypha, at the very moment the archangel Gabriel makes this pronouncement, Mary becomes pregnant.
Christ appears in her womb!
Luke 1:26-38
King James Version (KJV)
 26And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,
 27To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary.
 28And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.
 29And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.
 30And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God.
 31And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS.
 32He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:
 33And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.
 34Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?
 35And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
 36And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren.
 37For with God nothing shall be impossible.
 38And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.

14. York Psalter Expulsion from Paradise c
York Psalter Expulsion from Paradise c Illumination on parchment, 290 x 185 mm University Library, Glasgow
Gen 3:19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou [art], and unto dust shalt thou return.
Gen 3:24 So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.
Gen 3:16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire [shall be] to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee Gen 3:17 And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed [is] the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat [of] it all the days of thy life; Gen 3:18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; Gen 3:19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou [art], and unto dust shalt thou return Gen 3:20¶And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living Gen 3:21 Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them Gen 3:22¶And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: Gen 3:23 Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken Gen 3:24 So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

15. Utrecht Psalter ca. 850

16. detail from Utrecht Psalter ca. 850

17. Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples
Aachen Gospels of Otto III c. 1000

18. The Garden of Gethsemane
The Kiss of Judas
Aachen Gospels of Otto III c. 1000

19. Fécamp Psalter c. 1180 Illumination on parchment, 170 x 110 mm Royal Library, The Hague

20. Feeding the Pigs with Acorns c
Feeding the Pigs with Acorns c Illumination on parchment Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag

21. Falconry c. 1180 Illumination on parchment Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag

22. The Martyrdom of St Lawrence 1190s Illumination on parchment Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag St. Lawrence was martyred during Emperor Valerian’s persecutions of Christians in A.D He refused to turn over the church’s treasure to the prefect and instead gave it to the poor; he was arrested and tortured on a burning gridiron.

23. The Digital Scriptorium http://scriptorium.columbia.edu/
Videos
Making Manuscripts
The Structure of a Medieval Manuscript
Secret histories of illuminated manuscripts: the MINIARE project
 The Production of Medieval Manuscripts
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The Book of Kells: The Pages of History
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Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim (UNESCO/NHK)
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