3. ENERGY IN THERMAL SYSTEM

4. OBJECTIVE
To gain thermal equilibrium.
To determine final temperature

5. INFERENCE
Thermal equilibrium is achieved when two substances reach the same temperature and exchange to heat energy.

6. HYPOTHESIS
The final temperature obtained from experiment will be the state in which the temperature of two substances reached the equal temperature at a certain time. 1. Mercury thermometer Beaker Bunsen burner or electric kettle Electronic Balance/ Beam Balance Hot hand protector Tripod stand and wire gauze Lighter gun -1

7. PROCEDURES 1. Weigh the mass of an empty beaker and record as m1.
2. Fill 200ml tap water into the beaker. Measure mass of the
beaker with tap water and record as m2.
3. Read the initial temperature of tap water and record as T1.
Fill another empty beaker with 250ml water. Weigh the mass
of the beaker and record as m3.
5. Heat the beaker for 10 minutes.
6. Read the temperature of the hot water Figure 1.
7. Pour tap water into the beaker containing hot water gently.
Stir the mixture slowly about 10 seconds. Record the final
temperature as Tfinal.

8. RESULT

9. CALCULATION

11. TEMPERATURE

12. LIGHTER GUN

13. ELECTRONIC BALANCED

14. HAND PROTECTOR

15. ANALYSIS
Energy in thermal system or thermal equilibrium is achieved when two substances reach the same temperature and exchange to heat energy.
We calculate the gram(g) of the mass and celcius(°c) of the temperature, T.
The apparatus we using is mercury thermometer, beaker, Bunsen burner or electric kettle, electronic balance/beam balance, hot hand protector, tripod stand and wire gauze and lighter gun.

16. ERROR ANALYSIS
Due to error in reading on the percentage error, we can find this error by using the Tfinal (from experiment) and Tfinal (from calculation). The formula of the Tfinal is
Tfinal= (mhot x Thot) + (mcold x Tcold)
(mhot + mcold)
We carry out the experiment twicely and we found that the reading is not same.

17. QUESTION
Does the final temperature in this experiment is equal with the final temperature in calculation? No
 If both of the temperatures are not the same, explain why and relate to thermal equilibrium principle?
Because two objects at the thermal equilibrium have the same temperature and there is no net transfer of heat energy between the objects.

18. CONCLUSION
After experiment, we should be able to gain thermal equilibrium.
2. We also can know how to determine final temperature.
3. As a student, we also can know how to find the result
of the empty beaker, beaker with 200ml cold water (tap
water), and beaker with 250ml hot water.
4. We also can found the temperature of the cold water
(tap water), temperature of hot water and the
temperature of the mixture of water.

19. VIDEO EXPERIMENT