1. By Audun Lem 11/7/2011 Official of FAO Division, Rome

2. Objectives Background Defining small-scale artisanal and its role in the fisheries sector How to strengthen the sector Examples Conclusions

3. 3 World Fish Production Million t20092010e2011e2011/ 2010 Capture8987891.8% Farmed5658604.0% Total145 1492.7%

4. 4 FAO catch aquaculture World Fish Production

5. 5 Per Caput Food Supply Kg/year2009201020112011/10 Food fish 17.217.317.40.3% Capture9.18.98.8-2.1% Farmed8.28.48.62.8%

6. Employment in Fishing In 2008, 44.9 million people engaged in capture fisheries or aquaculture worldwide. of 167% since 1980 Majority of increase in developing countries, mostly in Asia In developed countries, employment in fishing decreasing In 2008, ~ 1.3 million people employed in developed countries of 11% since 1990.

7. How do we define artisanal small-scale fishers? Artisanal can be characterized as labor intensive For small-scale, there are numerous highly diverse definitions Spatial categories exist but problematic as substantial regional differences Lack of a clear definition make it difficult to demonstrate the role of small-scale fisheries

8. Size distribution of motorized fishing vessels (FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2010)

9. The hidden harvests: the global contribution of capture fisheries (World Bank, FAO and WorldFish Center, 2010) Small-scale capture fisheries contribute > half of the world’s marine and inland fish catch Nearly all used for direct human consumption Employ > 90% of the worlds fishers Substantial underestimation of the small-scale sector

10. Pauly, 2006

11. FAO and the Small-Scale Sector Creating international voluntary guidelines on securing sustainable small-scale fisheries Will establish definition within various criteria size, type ownership time commitment disposal/utilization of catch others Guidelines will provide recommendations, and information to assist states

12. Future and Solvency as an Economic Activity Focus on market differentiation: Must add value to differentiate their product in the market place Clearly differentiating product will educate consumers Focus on capacity building: Organization of fishers Access to infrastructure Support of labeling and certification costs Diversify income streams More data

14. Local, Direct Sales New strategy borrowed directly from the small-scale agriculture farmers Farmers face similar trends, turned to selling directly to obtain a higher price

15. Local, Direct Sales Increases income and adds value to product Allows fishers to build up customer base Consumer gets interaction with fisher Higher quality product Collaboration of agriculture and fishing sector in Malaysia to create new markets

16. Community Supported Fishery (CSF) Farmers created community supported agriculture (CSA) shares that functions as a buy-in club Consumers or “shareholders” pay the farmer for a share of the harvest in advance For farmer, payment covers seasonal start-up production costs For consumer, get a regular share of fresh produce during production season Model has now been adapted for fish

17. Community Supported Fishery (CSF) Prepayment is the shareholder’s investment in “their” fishers Variety of fish species are provided on a seasonal basis Fishers are able to sell their products at a premium

18. CSF Businesses At least 12 CSFs in France and possibly others in EU 20 total in the U.S. Offer weekly/biweekly options and 1-3 kg size shares

19. Community Supported Fishery Shareholders learn about new fish species, seasonality in seafood, enjoy supporting local Tells the story behind the fish

20. Cleanfish, Wholesale Distributor Distributor of sustainably caught fish from artisanal producers Focus on transparency, traceability and high quality “Stewards of the Artisan’s Stories”

21. Cleanfish, Marketing Techniques Profile upstream (who is catching fish and how) and downstream (places to buy fish, celebrity chefs) Have ecological advisory and vetting committee Established CleanFish Index as a sustainability assessment tool Upstream Downstream

22. Labeling Strategies South West Handline Fisherman Association, UK Label their hook and line caught sea bass Label also includes a number, which identifies the fishers who caught it on website

23. name: Richard Tomlinson age: Born 1944, Age 63 how long fishing: from age of 8 favorite lure/bait: Rod & Line fishing with natural & artificial baits home port: Falmouth main market: Newlyn boat name: Storm Petrel FH683 TAG04 - Richard Tomlinson

24. Labeling Strategies pescadeRías – a quality brand created by Xunta de Galicia Requirements for label: must come from artisanal fisheries captured a maximum of 24 hrs prior to sale must comply with a series of legal prescriptions for sustainability no chemical preservatives or artificial additives

26. Labeling Strategies Label Rouge – French certification programme Denotes super quality Now for a variety of seafood Market for Label Rouge products growing

27. Promotion of Underutilized Species “Switch the Fish” campaign in UK 387 store grocery store chain will offer customers asking for one of the “big five” (salmon, tuna, cod, haddock, prawns) an alternative for free

28. Promotion of Underutilized Species Suppliers will pay cost Alternatives = coley, pouting, megrim, rainbow trout and mackerel Will it be successful? 43% of fish eaters do not want to try a new fish if unsure of taste 31% admit they would not try a new fish if unsure how to cook it

29. Consumer Education through Media Publication of magazine “Côté mer” in 2000-2001 Developed in partnership between biggest distribution chains in France Included sections on fisheries news, gears, culture, children and fish, practical guide for consumers, gastronomic section with recipes Reached one million consumers throughout France

30. Promotion Considerations Define the concept and priorities of a promotional programme beforehand Ascertain whether purpose is to consume more, less or differently Plan for the financial aspects for promotion and communication Better document the implementation and results of the programme For labels, must be accessible to fishers while still upholding standards

31. Capacity Building, CFC Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) project in Honduras, Mexico and Cuba with fishing cooperatives Aimed to increase contribution of artisanal fishers communities to supply of domestic and international markets and increase income Purposes: training equipment value addition dissemination of results investments

32. Results of CFC Project Informal and formal courses developed in all three countries, benefited ~ 300 people directly Four ice plants installed, received fish boxes, working tools and clothes Promotional material for seafood created Assistance in application for loans Dissemination of results through Fish Info networks

33. Aquaculture Societies, NACA Since 2000, Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia- Pacific (NACA), organized small-scale shrimp farmers in India into 712 aqua societies Covers > 15,700 farmers, production of ~ 16,000 tons Resulted in reduction of disease and cost of production, improvement of yield and shrimp quality

34. Certification of Aquaculture Societies Access to a higher value market Prohibitively expensive and impractical for individuals NACA helped create guidelines for aquaculture society certification Society manages and documents an internal quality assurance system, provides a legal mechanism for granting recognition to a group of farmers Pilot testing has been successful certification

35. Conclusions Focus is too often on the negative Artisanal fishers bring important value to their product that they must market! Fishers need help to build capacity Consumer education is vital