1. Expansion of England’s Empire 3.2

2. Mercantilism Government should regulate trade to promote national power Exports need to exceed imports Colonies produce raw materials & import manufactured goods from home Trade, not plunder foundation of empire

3. Oliver Cromwell 1650’s colonial expansion, Protestantism, commercial power Jamaica & Catholic Ireland 1651 1 st Navigation Act – Challenge Dutch

4. North America “enumerated” goods shipped on English ships to English ports –Tobacco –Sugar English goods imported into colonies custom duties (tax)

5. Benefits English merchants, manufacturers, shipbuilders, sailors Govt collects tax American ships English Rise of New England shipbuilding

6. New York Charles II restored monarchy 1660’s –Colonial expansion –Royal Africa Co. – slave trade monopoly 1664 New Netherlands seized –Anglo-Dutch War –James Duke of York

7. Importance Military outpost for region Trade w/ Caribbean & Europe Population doubles in 20 yrs

8. Residents Respect for religious freedom & property Women & free blacks start lose freedoms over time Patroom system continues under English –Robert Livingston 160,000 acres –Frederick Philipse 90,000 acres 1700 5 families own 2M acres –Political influence

9. Iroquois Confederacy Upstate NY Used by English to control rival tribes & French English recognize their territory out to OH Valley 1680’s French & Great Lakes Indians beat back Iroquois Neutrality & trade

10. Charter of Liberties & Privileges Response to lack of representation (tax) Long Island 1683 New Yorkers entitled to same liberties as at home

11. Carolina 1663 Charles II – 8 proprietorships north of FL Sons of Barbados Armed Indians to raid FL Enslave Indians to West Indies –1670-1720 more Indians going out than slaves coming in. –1715 revolt crushed - enslaved or out of colony

12. Lures Elected assemblies Religious toleration Generous headright 150 acres per family 100 acres male servant

13. Rice Plantations Laws Slave owners – absolute power & authority over slaves Imported slaves included in headright Slave society from beginning Slavery + rice = wealthiest colony

14. Pennsylvania William Penn vision –Place to escape religious persecution, enjoy spiritual freedom, coexist w/ Indians 1681 father given land & Delaware Devout Quaker

15. Quaker Principles Equality of all people Individual conscience/ religious freedom Liberty a universal right 1 st group of whites to appose slavery Pacifists

16. West Jersey Concessions 1677 Based on Quaker ideals Elected assembly Broad suffrage Religious liberty Land divided to attract small farmers

17. Penn & Indians Unique Pacifism make peace a must Penn purchased the land Refuge for Indians from other colonies

18. Penn & Religion No est. church Church voluntary Jews barred from office (divinity oath)

19. Penn & Govt Morality code –Swearing, drunkenness, adultery, gamboling –Virtuous citizenry foundation for social order Majority male pop. can vote

20. PA Growth Early settlers English Quakers Western Europe –Religious toleration –Climate –Inexpensive land –Penn’s publicity Decline in indentured servants to VA & MD Growth = Indian conflict