1. APUSH – April 27  Objectives:  To review the major US wars  To review the major British Acts propelling the Colonists towards the Revolutionary War  To review the antebellum period prior to the Civil War  Homework:  Study  Agenda:  Wars  Acts  Antebellum period

2. AMERICAN CONFLICTS Focus on Mexican/American War

3. Wars DatesConflictCombatants July 4, 1675 - August 12, 1676 King Philip's War New England Colonies vs. Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Nipmuck Indians 1689-1697King William's War The English Colonies vs. France 1702-1713 Queen Anne's War War of Spanish Succession)War of Spanish Succession The English Colonies vs. France 1744-1748 King George's War (War of Austrian Succession)War of Austrian Succession The French Colonies vs. Great Britain 1756-1763 French and Indian War French and Indian War (Seven Years War) The French Colonies vs. Great Britain 1759-1761Cherokee War English Colonists vs. Cherokee Indians 1775-1783American Revolution English Colonists vs. Great Britain 1798-1800Franco-American Naval WarUnited States vs. France

4. Wars DatesConflictCombatants 1801-1805; 1815Barbary Wars United States vs. Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli 1812-1815War of 1812United States vs Great Britain 1813-1814Creek WarUnited States vs Creek Indians 1836War of Texas IndependenceTexas vs. Mexico 1846-1848Mexican-American WarUnited States vs. Mexico 1861-1865U.S. Civil WarUnion vs. Confederacy 1898Spanish-American WarUnited States 1914-1918World War I Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917.

5. Wars DatesConflictCombatants 1939-1945World War II Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan vs. Major Allied Powers: United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia 1950-1953Korean War United States (as part of the United Nations) and South Korea vs. North Korea and Communist China 1960-1975Vietnam War United States and South Vietnam vs. North Vietnam 1961Bay of Pigs InvasionUnited States vs. Cuba 1983GrenadaUnited States Intervention 1989 US Invasion of Panama United States vs. Panama 1990-1991 Persian Gulf WarUnited States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq

6. Wars 1995-1996 Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina United States as part of NATO acted peacekeepers in former Yugoslavia 2001 Invasion of Afghanistan United States and Coalition Forces vs. the Taliban regime in Afghanistan to fight terrorism. 2003 Invasion of IraqUnited States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq 2011Supported Freedom Fighters Supported Egypt, Libya, and other countries as citizens attempted to overthrow governments and increase freedoms

7. Mexican American War  In 1836 Texas won their independence from Mexico (War for Texas Independence)  In 1845, with the election of Polk, the US annexed Texas and moved them towards statehood.  Mexico was not pleased, disputed the southern border of Texas  On April 25, 1846, a US cavalry patrol, led by Captain Seth Thornton, was attacked by Mexican troops. Following the “Thornton Affair,” Polk asked Congress for a declaration of war, which was issued on May 13.

8. Fighting Mexican/American War  Zachary Taylor  Attacked on way to reinforce Fort Texas  Received reinforcements himself, fought off attack  Invaded and took Monterrey, south of the Rio Grande  Offered a two month peace where he would withdraw from the city  Polk not pleased

9. Polk Moves  Gives troops to Stephen Kearney  Moves to California through SW, takes Sante Fe and eventually most of the state of California  General Scott lands outside Veracruz, takes the city and moves inland  Eventually takes Mexico City  The war effectively ends

10. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  Mexico cedes the lands of California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming in exchange for 15 million dollars  Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas  Rio Grande is the border between US and Mexico  Mexican citizens property rights and civil rights in the new territories would be protected and Mexican citizens living within the territories would become American citizens after one year

11. 1650-1775 British Acts leading to the Revolution

12. Acts – specific to Mercantile System The ActWhat it saidThe PurposeUS Response The Navigation Act of 1650 All commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British vessels (pg 123). Aimed at rival Dutch shippers trying to elbow their way into American ports. Angry but didn’t do much about it. Paper money and bankruptcy laws Colonists were not able to print paper money or pass indulgent bankruptcy laws Would hurt British merchants American welfare was being sacrificed for British Merchants. Nullification lawsThe crown reserved the right to nullify and legislation passed by colonial assemblies To keep colonial laws from hurting the mercantile system Veto was used sparingly but colonists resented it’s very existence.

13. Acts – Under Grenville The ActWhat it saidThe PurposeUS reaction The Sugar Act of 1764 Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the W. Indies. First law passed by Parliament for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. Colonists were outraged. Quartering Act of 1765 Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops Housing during times of war Colonists resented the crown and the troops Stamp Act of 1765Mandated the use of a stamp which certified payment of tax. To raise revenues to support the new military force Angry about Grenville’s fiscal aggression. “No taxation without representation” and nonimportation agreements

14. Acts – under Townshend The ActWhat it saidThe PurposeUS response The Townshend Acts 1767 Import duties on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. Indirect customs duty paid at the port To make money off the colonies, but to do so quietly unlike Grenville’s acts Colonists still upset by the Stamp Act were rebellious. Tea outraged them the most.

15. The Intolerable Acts - 1774 The ActWhat it saidThe purpose US response Boston Port ActClosed Boston Harbor until damages were paid and order ensued. To get money for all the damages/product lost during the Boston Tea Party Anger - Restrictions placed on town meetings To move colonies away from self government Anger - Officials who killed colonists were sent to Britain for trial Chastise colonists into behaving Colonists thought that those officials would get off scot- free New Quartering ActGave local authorities to quarter British troops anywhere. To anger the colonists and provide housing for soldiers during conflict Bostonians were especially angry

16. Acts The ActWhat it saidIts purposeUS response The Quebec Act of 1774 Guaranteed French (Canadians) Catholic religion, permitted to retain customs (not rep assemblies or trial by jury), Quebec boundaries pushed south to Ohio River. To deal with the 60k French subjects in Canada (post 7 yrs war). Colonists saw it as a dangerous precedent (lack of assembly and juries). Alarmed land speculators and aroused Anti- Catholics.

17. Post Revolutionary War – Civil War Antebellum America

18. Basic Elements of Antebellum America  Early Emancipation  Industrialization  Politics  Issue of Slavery  Second Great Awakening  Religions  Utopian Society  Women’s reform  Westward expansion  Agrarian based  Lacked transportation  Cotton is king  Societal structure  Laws regarding slavery  Constitution  Fugitive Slave Act 1783 and 1850 NorthSouth

19. Forging a national economy *North  Westward expansion  Frontier life was crude  Frontiers men called on neighbors and government for help  Population  Growing immensely Urban areas  High birth rate and immigration  Anti-Foreignism

20. Forging A National Economy  Creeping Mechanization – North  British inventors created machines for mass production of textiles Ushered in modern factory systems  Many people to consume goods  Samuel Slater – father of the factory system First factory – Rhode Island  Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine – South  Cotton gin Cotton became highly profitable South became tied to cotton Produced Westward expansion in the South

21. Forging a National Economy  Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the fields  Farms changed the face of the West Grew grain Produce floated down Ohio and Mississippi Rivers Inventions helped speed up farming Plows, mechanical mower-reaper  Highways and Steamboats  Raw materials needed to be transported to factories Lancaster turnpike in Pennsylvania Cumberland Road Steamboats North and West South and North

22. Forging a National Economy  Railroads Defied terrain and weather Many lines built post 1850

23. Forging a National Economy  Transportation web binds the union  Connected the West to the East More specifically in the North  Regions were specialized South – Cotton for export to NE and England West – Grain for livestock and workers in the East and Europe East – made machines and textiles for the West and South  Political and Military implications Mississippi River connected the South Overlooked the fact that many other forms connected the North and West The interdependent economy would prove problematic

24. South and the Slavery Controversy  Cotton is King  North and South depended on Cotton to make money 1/2 the value of all exports post 1840 Produced half the world supply of cotton Britain was aware of this  Planter Aristocracy  Educated kids in schools in the north or abroad  Undemocratic Feudal Society

25. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners] The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers] 6,000,000 Black Freemen Black Slaves 3,200,000 250,000 Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

26. South and the Slavery Controversy  Plantation agriculture  Land butchery  Heavy population leakage to the West and Northwest  Monopolistic Big got bigger  Financially unstable Overspeculation of land and slaves One crop economy North grew fat at the South’s expense  Repelled immigrants

27. The South and the Slavery Controversy  Early Abolitionism  Inhumanity of the “peculiar institution” gradually caused anti-slavery societies to sprout forth Quakers American Colonization Society  Slave culture By 1860s most Africans were born in America  1830s the abolitionist movement took off Britain released slaves in the West Indies The Second Great Awakening Uncle Tom’s Cabin

28. The South and the Slavery Controversy  Radical Abolitionism  William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator  Wendell Phillips “Abolition’s golden trumpet”  David Walker Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World  Sojourner Truth  Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

29. The South and the Slavery Controversy  The South Lashes Back  In the 1820s antislavery societies were more numerous in the South After 1830 this stopped  Turner’s Rebellion  Nullification Crisis  Arguments for slavery Widened issue between North and South  Free people and Free speech

30. The South and the Slavery Controversy  Abolitionist Impact in the North  Many were unpopular in the North Constitution was revered  North had heavy stake in the South  By the 1850s the movement gained steam in the North Didn’t want to abolish the peculiar institution outright Free Soilers  Manifest Destiny  Controversy over slavery in new territories  Sectional Balance Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Bloodhound bill Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Popular sovereignty