1. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.1 Ladders

2. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.2 Objectives (1 of 3) Name the parts of a ladder. Describe the many functions for which a ladder can be used. Name the different types of mounted ladder apparatus. Describe the function of the different types of ground ladders. Describe the care of ladders.

3. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.3 Objectives (2 of 3) Cite maintenance, cleaning, and inspection functions of ladders. Exhibit ladder operation safety. Name different types of ladder uses. Describe the ladder selection process. Describe the concepts behind different ladder-raising techniques.

4. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.4 Objectives (3 of 3) Cite safety concerns of ladders and their use. Demonstrate skills associated with ladders. Describe fundamentals of ladder placement. Determine how far away from a building a ladder should be placed.

5. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.5 Introduction Ladders are used for many purposes besides providing access to elevated locations. Ladders were originally constructed from wood; now truss type beams are used. –Truss construction allows for stronger and lighter ladders. Continuous advances allow for ladders of various sizes and uses to be developed.

6. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.6 Ladder Terminology (1 of 2)

7. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.7 Ladder Terminology (2 of 2)

8. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.8 Ladder Companies Apparatus carrying ladders and other devices, tools, and personnel Tower ladders and articulating boom ladders Ladder company tasks include: Forcible entry Search and rescue Roof access Ventilation

9. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.9 Aerial Ladder (1 of 2) Apparatus- mounted ladder reaching 100’-110’ Designed so various sections slide out from one another Bed attached to a turntable

10. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.10 Aerial Ladder (2 of 2)

11. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.11 Tower Ladder A telescopic boom with mounted basket Helpful to remove many victims Very versatile piece of equipment

12. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.12 Articulating Boom Ladder Uses basket with articulating booms Capable of placing bucket into hard to reach places Also known as snorkel ladder

13. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.13 Types of Ground or Portable Ladders Straight Extension Roof or hook Folding A-frame combination Pompier

14. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.14 Straight Ladder A fixed length ladder Range from 12’ to 20’ Can usually be carried and raised by one person Used for access, ventilation and escapes

15. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.15 Extension Ladder Two or more ladders operating as a unit. May have two or more fly ladders. Halyard used for extending ladders. Ladders over 40 feet have stay poles.

16. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.16 Roof Ladder Straight ladder with retractable hooks at tip Used when operating on a sloped roof Hooks placed over the ridge of roof

17. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.17 Folding (Attic) Ladder Enables access into narrow and confined spaces Length of 8’ to 16’ Collapsible feature Ideal ladder to reach sprinkler shutoff

18. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.18 A-Frame Combination Ladder Can be used in various configurations. Fly ladder can be manually raised. Can be used as step ladder. Works well in tight places.

19. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.19 Pompier Ladder No longer an approved ladder Was used as hanging ladder to climb up Ladder raised manually to window levels

20. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.20 Maintenance, Cleaning, and Inspection Fire service ladders warrant special attention. NFPA 1931 –Ladder needing repair must be taken out of service. –Detailed maintenance records should be kept of required inspections.

21. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.21 Cleaning Ladders Dirt and grime can negatively affect ladder operation. During cleaning, ladders should be inspected closely. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations on cleaning.

22. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.22 Ladder Safety (1 of 2) Use common sense. Overloading ladder limits is the most common cause of ladder-related injuries. Ladder placement is a critical element. Ladders should not be in front of lower floor window or door. Use of correct ladder is important.

23. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.23 Ladder Safety (2 of 2) Be careful of overhead wires. Always keep three limbs in touch with the ladder. Always have someone butt the ladder. Always use a safety belt or leg lock when working off a ladder.

24. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.24 Ladder Uses (1 of 2) Used primarily for climbing Can provide a path to heights Can be used to descend or as a bridge Commonly used for rescue Provides stability while working on sloped roof Can be used to remove glass

25. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.25 Ladder Uses (2 of 2) Can be used to support weight. Water can be applied from a ground ladder. May reach areas where apparatus mounted appliances may not reach. Can serve as an exterior work platform.

26. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.26 Ladder Selection Considerations Ground conditions Height needed Purpose Slope of ground Accessibility of location Available personnel Overhead considerations Raising space considerations Stability

27. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.27 Raising Skills—Concepts Heel of ladder must be a certain distance from the building for stability. Safest climbing angle is about 75 degrees. Prior to climbing, determine proper distance for ladder from building.

28. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.28 Raising Ladders Two-person raise One-person raise Beam raise Rung raise

29. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.29 Special Uses Removal of numerous victims Chute with a tarp Over a fence Elevated hose stream Portable pool Barrier Supporting of falling sign Forcible entry Hoist point Ventilation fan supports

30. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.30 Multiple Victim Removal

31. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.31 Chute with a Tarp

32. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.32 Climbing Over a Fence

33. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.33 Portable Pool

34. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.34 Ladder as a Barrier

35. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.35 Ventilation Fan Support

36. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.36 Ladder Safety Electrical lines Climbing path Overhead obstructions Uneven ground Ladder load Working off a ladder

37. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.37 Miscellaneous Points Ladder storage Apparatus ladder storage Ladder apparatus parking Ladder painting Certification and testing procedures

38. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.38 Ladder Skills (1 of 3) Suitcase carry Shoulder carry Flat carry Single

39. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.39 Ladder Skills (2 of 3) Carrying victims Two-person raises –Rung raise –Beam raise

40. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.40 Ladder Skills (3 of 3) Fly extension raise One-person raise Leg lock Carrying tools Mounting/dismounting Roof ladder deployment Hoisting ladders by rope

41. CHAPTER 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning 14.41 Summary Ladders have many applications. Different types of ladders are designed for specific uses. New designs are always being developed. Must use common sense. Maintenance duties, inspection, and documenting results are important.