1. This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by Robin L. Simmons. All Rights Reserved. Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by Robin L. Simmons. All Rights Reserved. Robin L. SimmonsRobin L. Simmons

2. ENC 1102, Freshman Composition II Drafting Your Research Essay

3. First Page Concerns Insert MLA-style page numbering—your last name and the page number, starting on the first page. Insert MLA-style page numbering—your last name and the page number, starting on the first page. Include a heading. Include a heading. Give the paper an interesting, correct title. Give the paper an interesting, correct title.  Do not underline your title.  Do not add quotation marks around the title.  Capitalize all major words.  Avoid funky fonts. The __________ [ Insert your subject ] would be a boring title for this essay. The __________ [ Insert your subject ] would be a boring title for this essay.

4. Wrighter 1 Wanda Wrighter Professor Simmons ENC 1102 October 17, 2011 Franken Food: What People Need to Know About GMOs

5. General Structure for the Essay Hook Provocative Question Thesis Statement [ separate paragraph ] Section A [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section A [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section B [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section B [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section C [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section C [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section D [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ] Section D [ subheading and 2 body paragraphs ]

6. Correct Use of Names The first time you mention a person, use that person’s full name and identity. The first time you mention a person, use that person’s full name and identity.  Dr. Melissa Shusett, a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins, …  Stan Winston, a reporter for The New York Times, … The second time you mention the person, use that person’s last name only. The second time you mention the person, use that person’s last name only.  Shusett  Winston

7. Body Paragraphs You must have at least eight body paragraphs in the research essay. You must have at least eight body paragraphs in the research essay. All body paragraphs must have at least one quotation from a source. All body paragraphs must have at least one quotation from a source. All quotations must have four things : All quotations must have four things :  An authority phrase  Correct punctuation  Accurate wording  A parenthetical reference [when necessary]

8. Turn your Evidence Worksheets into body paragraphs.

9. Step 1: Write a topic sentence that reflects one part of your thesis statement. (See Brach’s sample paper.)

10. Step 2: Find the Evidence Worksheet that supports the topic sentence.

11. Step 3: Edit and/or fix the summary from the Evidence Worksheet.

12. Step 4: Add your quotation. Be sure that you do not repeat information from the summary.

13. Use this formula for your quotation: authority phrase + “quotation” + (documentation when necessary).

14. Psychology Today explains the process this way: “Lipoic acid, found in beef, spinach and broccoli, … combats memory loss in lab rats” (Aaronson 63). As Lauren Aaronson, a dietary researcher, explains, “Lipoic acid, found in beef, spinach and broccoli, … combats memory loss in lab rats” (63).

15. Common Authority Phrases According to Name of Source, According to Name of Source, According to Author of Source, Person’s Importance, According to Author of Source, Person’s Importance, According to Someone in Source, Person’s Importance, According to Someone in Source, Person’s Importance, As Name of Source explains, As Name of Source explains, As Author of Source, Person’s Importance, explains, As Author of Source, Person’s Importance, explains, As Someone in Source, Person’s Importance, explains, As Someone in Source, Person’s Importance, explains,

16. Common Authority Phrases According to the Wall Street Journal, According to the Wall Street Journal, According to Jane Smith, a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, According to Jane Smith, a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, According to James Jones, a finance consultant since 1985, According to James Jones, a finance consultant since 1985, As the Wall Street Journal explains, As the Wall Street Journal explains, As Jane Smith, a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, explains, As Jane Smith, a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, explains, As James Jones, a finance consultant since 1985, explains, As James Jones, a finance consultant since 1985, explains,

17. Step 5: If necessary, document your quotation.

18. Step 6: Add your relevance as the conclusion for the paragraph. (Be sure to cut From this source my reader will learn that...)

19. Ta-da! One paragraph is done, seven more to go! (Repeat Steps 1 - 6 for each Evidence Worksheet.)

20. First, Topic Sentence, Then Summary, Then Quotation, Then, if necessary, Documentation, And finally Relevance.

21. Compose Your Four Headings Find your preliminary thesis statement and reread it. Find your preliminary thesis statement and reread it. Has your research caused you to make changes ? Has your research caused you to make changes ? Now write your official thesis statement. Now write your official thesis statement. The thesis statement must indicate the four parts of your paper. The thesis statement must indicate the four parts of your paper. Compose your four subheadings. Compose your four subheadings.  Use phrases, not complete sentences.  Keep the phrases parallel.  Capitalize all major words.  Bold and underline the subheadings.

22. Parenthetical References with Books If you do not mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's last name and the page number in the reference. If you do not mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's last name and the page number in the reference. If you use the author in the introductory tag, include only the page number in the parenthetical reference. If you use the author in the introductory tag, include only the page number in the parenthetical reference. The one period that ends the entire sentence follows the reference. The one period that ends the entire sentence follows the reference.

23. No author in the introductory tag: According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197). According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197). Author in the introductory tag: According to Douglas McVay, author of Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (197). According to Douglas McVay, author of Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (197).

24. Parenthetical References with Online Sources If you do not mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's last name. If you do not mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's last name. If you use the author in the introductory tag, no parenthetical reference is necessary. If you use the author in the introductory tag, no parenthetical reference is necessary. If you do not have an author, use an abbreviated title in quotation marks, like this: (“Few Successes”) If you do not have an author, use an abbreviated title in quotation marks, like this: (“Few Successes”) The one period that ends the entire sentence follows the parenthetical reference. The one period that ends the entire sentence follows the parenthetical reference. If the quotation does not have a reference, the period comes before the closing quotation mark. If the quotation does not have a reference, the period comes before the closing quotation mark.

25. No author in the introductory tag: According to The New York Times, Matt Harding’s dance video is “an almost perfect piece of Internet art” (McGrath). According to The New York Times, Matt Harding’s dance video is “an almost perfect piece of Internet art” (McGrath). Author in the introductory tag: Charles McGrath, a reporter for The New York Times, considers Matt Harding’s dance video “an almost perfect piece of Internet art.” Charles McGrath, a reporter for The New York Times, considers Matt Harding’s dance video “an almost perfect piece of Internet art.”

26. All parenthetical references must flawlessly match the entry on the works cited page.

27. McVay, Douglas. Drug War Facts. Toronto: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003. McVay, Douglas. Drug War Facts. Toronto: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003. According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197). According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197). Establish a flawless match between parenthetical reference and works cited page entry:

28. Write the Conclusion Write one sentence that summarizes the main idea of the paper. Write one sentence that summarizes the main idea of the paper. Write one sentence of summary for each of your four main points. Remind your reader of the good ideas you covered. Write one sentence of summary for each of your four main points. Remind your reader of the good ideas you covered. End with a thoughtful last statement. You can have an opinion here or address the reader directly. End with a thoughtful last statement. You can have an opinion here or address the reader directly. The conclusion must be at least 6 sentences. The conclusion must be at least 6 sentences.

29. Final Version Your essay is due in class on Thursday, _______________________. Your essay is due in class on Thursday, _______________________. You must put the essay in my hands. You must put the essay in my hands. Remember to bring your score sheet. Remember to bring your score sheet. You must also submit a copy to SafeAssign. No SafeAssign copy = zero. You must also submit a copy to SafeAssign. No SafeAssign copy = zero.

30. The End.