1. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 ENGM91 Project Execution Unit 6

2. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Project Execution Introduction –monitoring and control will help to ensure projects stay on target –it can also help to get projects back on target that has gone off target

3. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Management framework Reporting structure –responsibility –authority Assessing progress –formal –informal Communication

4. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Communication Phone, Email, Text, Internet Business 2.0 technology Ensuring all team members have the information they require.

5. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Data control Reporting on aspects of the project –project progress delays –staff activity time sheets –hours worked overtime required attendance –risk reporting

6. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Cost monitoring –staffing cost recruitment training wages –material costs purchase wastage –delay costs

7. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Budget –cost variance Cash flow –Income –Expenditure Profit and loss

8. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Earned value analysis –Used to capture process performance and cost at a certain date measured against budget and/or schedule –You need three figures for each activity BCWS – the budget cost of work scheduled ACWP – the actual cost of work performed BCWP – budget cost of work performed

9. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Earned value analysis cont. –Using BCWS, ACWP and BCWP useful calculation can be done –cost variance (cv) = BCWP – ACWP –schedule variance (sv) = BCWP – BCWS –cost variance index (cpi) = BCWP/ACWP –cumulative cpi = ∑BCWP so far/ ∑ACWP so far

10. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Variance –Any change from a specific plan in the planning network, technical performance and costs The budget and network must be compared together –The cost variance compares deviations only from the budget. It does not provide a measure of comparison between work planned and work accomplished –The network variance provides a comparison between planned and actual performance. It does not include costs.

11. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Profit and loss statement –This show the various sources of income –This show the various sources of expenditure –Cash in hand –Give and overall view of if the project is making a profit or a lost

12. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Financial control Balance sheet –This is a snapshot of the financial situation of the company a point in time –All company physical assets and their value will be given –All monetary assets will be shown –All owing and owed will be shown –An overall monetary worth of the company will be given

13. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Change control typical elements Everyone involved in the project should be aware of the change control system. Anyone should be allowed to request a change. Change procedure should be clear an unambiguous. Request for change should be checked by a suitably qualified person or persons.

14. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Change control typical elements Change options should be explore. Preferred change option should be decided. Change option should be approved. Change should take place.

15. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Change control typical elements Results of change should be monitored to check that it worked as expected. If this is not the case then review if change control procedure must be restarted. All things to do with the change control procedure must be documented.

16. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Change control system The change control system should be designed so that it is relatively easy for to request a change. Such a system will not put people off making change. Changes that will benefit the project have a greater chance of taking place if system is easy to use.

17. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Change control system People are less likely to try and short-circuit the change control system if it is easy to use. A friendly system will have no more bureaucracy than absolutely necessary.

18. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 The poor change control system Changes are often not requested. The consequence of not requesting a change could be that: sub-standard product is delivered to the customer, design anomalies are not corrected. Changes can get lost in bureaucratic systems, with adverse affects on the project

19. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Monitoring progress Utilising planning tools –Gantt charts –PERT and CPA –project planning software showing early completion showing slippage critical path progress

20. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring Critical path activities Activities with no free float remaining Activities with less than a specified float High risk activities Activities using critical resources

21. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring Critical path activities –Any delay in an activity on the critical path will cause a delay in the completion date for the project. Critical path activities are therefore likely to have a very high priority for close monitoring

22. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring Activities with no free float remaining –A delay in any activity with no free float will delay at least some subsequent activity even though, if the delay is less than the total float, it might not delay the project completion date. These subsequent delays can have serious effects on the resource schedule as a delay in a subsequent activity could mean that the resource for the activity might become unavailable before that activity is completed because they are committed elsewhere

23. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring Activities with less than a specified float –If any activity has very little float it might use up this float before the regular activity monitoring brings the problem to the project manager’s attention. It is common practice to monitor closely those activities with less than, say, one week’s free float.

24. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring High risk activities –A set of high risk activities should have been identified as part of the initial risk profiling exercise. These activities will be given close attention because they are most likely to overrun or overspend.

25. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Prioritizing monitoring Activities using critical resources –Activities can be critical because they are very expensive (as in the case of specialised contract programmers). Staff or other resources might be available only for a limited period, especially if they are controlled outside the project team. In any event, an activity that demands a critical resource requires a high level of monitoring.

26. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Getting back on target There are two principle options –Shorten the critical path –Reconsider precedence requirements

27. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Getting back on target Shorten critical path –The overall duration of a project is determined by the critical path. –Things that can be done to shorten critical path increasing resource levels, improving resource efficiency, and how such means can shorten critical path timescales to bring a project back on target.

28. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Getting back on target Reconsider the precedence requirements –The original project network will probably have been produced for an ideal situation. Therefore, there is often scope to revisit activity constraints and precedences.

29. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Getting back on target Reconsider the precedence requirements –Things that can be considered (cont.) Altering them to help bring the project back on target. Do unstarted activities really have to await the completion of other activities before they can start? If an activity has to wait for the completion of other activities, can that activity be broken down into sub- activities and some of the sub activities completed at an earlier date.

30. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Project Closeout Ensuring a smooth handover Tying up louse ends and paper work Learning from the project

31. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 The Brilliant Project Manager Skilled in core project management skills and disciplines Talented at dealing with people Always keen to learn –Taken from Barker and Cole

32. University of Sunderland ENGM91 Unit 6 Conclusion Monitoring and Control – management framework communication utilising planning tools data control costs – prioritising monitoring – getting back on target – Project Close out – You!