1. WHAT DO HIGHER DATA RATES MEAN TO CELLULAR AND CONNECTIVITY TESTING?

2. Key market drivers for the wireless industry:  Smartphone & Tablet Continuing to Grow Worldwide – Units increasing by 340M units to 2.45B annually by 2018 – Handset ASP shrinking by >5% YoY – Companies releasing 2x - 3x more new designs annually to meet both premium & basic smart phone demands WIRELESS INDUSTRY TRENDS  Increase Demand for Higher Data Rate & Connectivity – Overall mobile data traffic is expected to grow at a 61% CAGR to 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018 – MIMO & Carrier Aggregation requiring 2x-3x more active RX & TX device ports – Internet-of-things driving rapid growth of MCU + RF segment  Shrinking Device Size While Increasing Complexity – Mobile IC’s moving away from conventional package to wafer-level package technologies (Flip-chip, WLCSP, FOWLP) – Wafer Scale Package technologies provide 50% smaller device footprint – Shrinking geometries (65nm  45nm  28nm) enabling 2x – 3x content increases on smaller die sizes

3. METHODS OF INCREASING DATA RATE 3 Very High Throughput requirements are met three ways: 1) Increasing BW. Wider Bandwidths / Aggregation 2) Increasing the number of bits/symbol. Constellation Density Link Adaptation & Fast Scheduling UL / DL ratio Forward Error Correction Cyclic Prefix reduction 3) Increasing the number of Spatial Streams. Diversity Beam forming MIMO MU-MIMO 256 QAM64 QAM Multi-User MIMO Spatial Multiplexing

4. Early Communications TWO STANDARDS – W-CDMA AND OFDM 4 (-2000G - BPSK) -1000G – Coded Message -500G – First Cell

5. Problems with using Smoke to send messages - WIND TWO STANDARDS – W-CDMA AND OFDM 5 W-CDMA Raised Root Cosine Filter w/ Alpha = 0.22 (HSPA+) WCDMA – Has similar traits to smoke, in that its noisy and is required to be filtered to stay with in its allocated frequency. This hinders WCDMA from making the best use of its bandwidth. -500G-400G 3G

6. Early Communications TWO STANDARDS – W-CDMA AND OFDM 6 3G -2200G-150G – Coded Message Frequency and Spatial Separation combined OFDM (802.11a,g,n,ac & LTE) OFDM used for LTE and WLAN – Has similar traits to light, in that if the frequencies have a minimal separation – they tend not to interfere with each other. This allows OFDM to make good use of its spectrum. -240G – Coded Message Spatial Separation Would have helped

7. METHODS OF INCREASING DATA RATE 7 Very High Throughput requirements are met three ways: 1) Increasing BW. ( LTE 100M Aggregation, 802.11ac 160M) Wider Bandwidths / Aggregation 2) Increasing the number of bits/symbol.. (LTE 64 QAM, 802.11ac 256 QAM) Constellation Density Link Adaptation & Fast Scheduling UL / DL ratio Forward Error Correction Cyclic Prefix reduction 3) Increasing the number of Spatial Streams. (802.11ac supports up to 8x8 MIMO) MIMO

8. CELLULAR EVOLUTION

10. LTE Supports many different types of bandwidth configurations. 1.4,3,5,10,20M and any combo up to 100M TEST – support required bandwidth WIDER BANDWIDTH & AGGREGATION – HIGHER DATA RATES 10 LTE-Advanced Maximum Bandwidth 5 x 20MHz 20 MH z

11. 802.11ac Supports many different types of bandwidth configurations. 20,40,80,160M Note that there is also an aggregation mode for 802.11ac – that’s called 80+80. WIDER BANDWIDTH & AGGREGATION – HIGHER DATA RATES 11

12. High frequency modulation signal Sourcing a wider bandwidth signal requires much better baseband instruments than narrow band signals. Skew is one of the biggest concerns. The UltraWave 12G, UltraWave 24, and the UltraPAC80 have skew accuracy and repeatability performance to test wide bandwidth waveforms. WIDER BANDWIDTH & AGGREGATION – TEST 12 802.11ac 160M EVM Limit = 2.51%

13. METHODS OF INCREASING DATA RATE 13 Very High Throughput requirements are met three ways: 1) Increasing BW. ( LTE 100M Aggregation, 802.11ac 160M) Wider Bandwidths / Aggregation 2) Increasing the number of bits/symbol.. (LTE 64 QAM, 802.11ac 256 QAM) Constellation Density Link Adaptation & Fast Scheduling UL / DL ratio Forward Error Correction Cyclic Prefix reduction 3) Increasing the number of Spatial Streams. (802.11ac supports up to 8x8 MIMO) MIMO

14. 16 QAM = 4 Bits per symbol 64 QAM = 6 Bits per symbol 256 QAM = 8 Bits per symbol Constellation Density is determined by quality of the signal at the RX. If poor signal / bits dropped – Then the TX reduces the density. CONSTELLATION DENSITY – HIGHER DATA RATE 14 Ideal Signal Measured Signal Test Limit LTE Base Station = 13.5% LTE User Equip 12.5% 802.11ac = 11.22% LTE Base Station = 9.0% 802.11ac = 3.98% 802.11ac = 2.51% 16-QAM 802.11a/g, LTE 64-QAM 802.11a/g/n; LTE-A 256-QAM 802.11 ac - Device Spec Limit

15. In order to achieve higher data rates – some methods require an understanding of the channel. This channel information is communicated to the base station (BS) by the user equipment (UE) or its signal. –FDD vs. TDD - TDD can be have more up to date information, because UL shares the same channel as DL WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CHANNEL? 15 ? UL DL

16. Link Adaptation - Data Rates are varied based of information about the channel at a given time. TDD is often more up to date. –Used with - 802.11ac & HSPA + & LTE Fast Scheduling – When users data is sent the data rate can vary to take advantage of better channel conditions – Resulting in higher data rate = less on time = better battery life. –Used with - HSPA+ & LTE TEST – Data Rate normally does not change during test – However VSA can handle it. LINK ADAPTATION & FAST SCHEDULING 16 LTE Example - Resource Blocks Data Rate vs Channel

17. In order to be flexible with users needs for more UL or more DL a scheduling plan was created. Below is an example for LTE TDD –HSPA+ HSDPA was designed to favor DL and HSUPA for UL. HSPA+ was designed to be more flexible with DL and UL scheduling. TEST – Normally this does not change during test UL / DL RATIO – HIGHER DATA RATE 17 LTE - TDD

18. Forward Error correction (FEC) OTHERS 18 Data Rate (Mbps) Modulation Type (OFDM) Punctured Coding 4864-QAM2/3 5464-QAM3/4 802.11a/g Cyclic Prefix reduction – Higher Data rate Figure 1Figure 2 FFT Window

19. METHODS OF INCREASING DATA RATE 19 Very High Throughput requirements are met three ways: 1) Increasing BW. ( LTE 100M Aggregation, 802.11ac 160M) Wider Bandwidths / Aggregation 2) Increasing the number of bits/symbol.. (LTE 64 QAM, 802.11ac 256 QAM) Constellation Density Link Adaptation & Fast Scheduling UL / DL ratio Forward Error Correction Cyclic Prefix reduction 3) Increasing the number of Spatial Streams. (802.11ac supports up to 8x8 MIMO) MIMO

20. MIMO - Multiple Input into the channel and Multiple Outputs from the channel. MIMO utilizes the multi-path environment so that signals are different. MIMO uses two or more antennas to transmits different information on each antenna. For each antenna added the data rate is increased by the multiple of the number of antennas over the SISO rate. Each MIMO stream contains not only the data, but information that will assist the receiver in demodulating the signal. This advancement in MIMO technology is primary due to higher end processor that are able to do the math to pull the data apart. TEST Each path should be active and can be tested as MIMO or Signal Channel. Cross talk between streams can be tested with ESA – however seldom is MIMO – HIGHER DATA RATES 20

21. 1. Provide full test coverage to guarantee device quality RF Source Accuracy EVM test capability ACLR performance for out of band service providers compliance Source: www.qualcomm.com 2.Provide economical solution for high volume production LTE-Advanced requires up to 5x modulated data compared to 3G. LTE Commercial Release Timeline TESTING CHALLENGES

22. Teradyne Confidential UltraFLEX RF Specifiers: UltraFLEX RF Test Partners: Lowest cost of test Lowest cost of test Fastest time to market Fastest time to market Highest performance instruments Highest performance instruments Easiest to use software Easiest to use software Lowest cost of test Lowest cost of test Fastest time to market Fastest time to market Highest performance instruments Highest performance instruments Easiest to use software Easiest to use software Teradyne: #1 ranked RF ATE company since 2008 (source: Gartner, April 2014) ULTRAFLEX RF: #1 PRODUCTION SOLUTION FOR WIRELESS Based on 2013 Reported Revenue (Gartner, April 2014) >515 UltraFLEX RF systems installed since 4Q-2007