1. 1

2. 2  What is MIMO?  Basic Concepts of MIMO  Forms of MIMO  Concept of Cooperative MIMO  What is a Relay?  Why Relay channels?  Types of Relays  What is a Relay-Assisted MIMO system?  Infrastructure Relay–Assisted MIMO system  Topologies of Relay Transmission  Advantages, Applications of Relay-Assisted MIMO

3. 3 MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Output): Multiple Input- ie. Multiple Antennas at the Transmitter. Multiple Output- ie. Multiple Antennas at the Receiver.

4. Basic MIMO 4 Transmitter Receiver User Data stream User Data stream MIMO Antenna Array Technology Antenna Array = Use of Multiple Antennas at the Transmitter and Receiver.

5. Basic Concepts of MIMO 5 Spatial Multiplexing: Transmission of data signals (streams) from each of Multiple Antennas Input Streams Output Streams

6. Forms of MIMO 6 SISO SIMO MISO MIMO SISO : Single Input and Single Output SIMO : Single Input and Multiple Output MISO: Multiple Input and Single Output MIMO: Multiple Input and Multiple Output

7. Basic SISO,SIMO,MISO 7 Y - Antenna yy y Y Y Y Y y SISO SIMO MISO No Multiple Antennas at both Transmitter or Receiver Multiple Antennas at Receiver only Multiple Antennas at Transmitter only

8. Functions of MIMO 8  Minimize Errors  Optimizes Data Speed Advantages  High Throughput  Avoids Multipath Fading

9. Concept of Cooperative MIMO 9 Cooperative MIMO (Co-MIMO): Multiple Transmitters with Multiple Antennas each transmits different encoded streams to a Single Receiver with Multiple Antennas. Advantages:  High Multiplexing gain  High diversity gain

10. Basic Co-MIMO 10 Different Versions of Identical Information Transmitter Receiver T1 T3 T2 R

11. What is a Relay ? 11 Relay: Relays are the nodes or channels that interconnects the source(transmitter) and destination(receiver), which they can receive and transmit information from the source to destination. Basic Relay: Relay with single antenna, transmitter and receiver. Relay with multiple antennas, transmitter and receiver. Relay

12. Phases in Relay 12 Relay-Receive Phase : This is the part of the relays, where they receive the signal from a transmitter (Source). Relay-Transmit Phase : This part of the relay transmits the received signal to a receiver (Destination). Relay-ReceiveRelay-Transmit Relay

13. Why Relay channels ? 13 Because,  They link source and destination easily even in a dense network.  High speed transfer even on challenging environment.  They improve overall throughput.  They improves the network coverage, since MIMO are poor at long range coverage.  Minimizes the propagation delay on MIMO.

14. Application of Relay 14 Relay as node SourceDestination Shorter distance Large distance

15. Types of Relays 15  Amplifier and Forward : Relay Amplifies the received and then forwards.  Decode and Forward : Relay decodes the received in the relay-receive phase and transmits after re-encoding.  Compress and Forward : Relay compresses the received and then transmits from relay-transmit phase.

16. What is Relay-Assisted MIMO? 16 Relay-Assisted MIMO : Application of relays in between the source and destination of a MIMO transmission system is relay-assisted MIMO transmission system. For : High speed data transfer and increases efficiency of the transmission.

17. Basic Relay-Assisted MIMO 17 TransmitterReceiver Relays

18. Infrastructure Relay-Assisted MIMO 18 Infrastructure Relay-Assisted MIMO: It is the design format by which the relays are arranged in a pattern, such that it makes communication more effective when placed between a MIMO. Infrastructure is based on different relay transmission topologies, i) Serial, ii) Parallel, iii) Hydrid.

19. 19 Infrastructure Relay-Assisted MIMO Destination 2 Destination 1 Source 2 nd Ring of Relays Serial Relay Transmission Parallel Relay Transmission

20. Topologies of Relay Transmission 20 Serial Relay Transmission : It has multiple relays connected in series, which increases the transmission rate by increasing the transmission power. Destination Source Multiple Relays in Series

21. 21 Parallel Relay Transmission : It has multiple relays connected in parallel, which we can add multiple receiving stations. But its transmission rate is not much as serial relay transmission. Source Destination Multiple Relays in Parallel

22. 22 Hybrid Relay Transmission : It is the combination of serial and parallel relay transmission system, which will increases the transmission rate very much higher than any other infrastructure. Source Destination Relays in serial and parallel

23. Half Duplex Transmission 23 Orthogonal phase 1Orthogonal phase 2 Relay-receive phaseRelay-Transmit phase

24. Advantages 24  Provides high throughput even on high mobility.  Removes multipath fading.  High speed broadband transmission on GHz range.  Minimizes propagation delay.  Communication has been made very much effective.

25. Applications 25 Because of its advantages, wireless communication has been attracted towards it. Relay-Assisted system is planned to be used in : Mobile radio telephone standards, such as  3GPP, 3GPP2, (Generation Partnership Project),  HSPA+ ( High Speed Packet Access Plus) and in  LTE ( Long Term Evolution).

26. Conclusion 26

27. 27