1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MODIS PHENOLOGY: An Introduction to Land Cover Dynamics March 27, 2006 11:30 – 11:45 EROS Forum Calli B. Jenkerson MODIS Science Data Specialist Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center EROS Sioux Falls, SD USA

2. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MOD12Q2 MODIS/Terra Land Cover Dynamics Yearly L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V004 Boston University Department of Geography Mark Friedl John Hodges Xiaoyang Zhang Bin Tan “For Use by Trained Personnel Only“

3. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MOD12Q2 Release Date: February 1, 2006 Acquisitions: January 1, 2001 – December 31, 2004 “Never Before Seen in the U.S.“

4. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Phenology: relations between climate and periodic biological phenomenaor response of living organisms to seasonal and climatic changes due to variations in the duration of sunlight, precipitation, temperature, other life-controlling factors Applicable to many “biological phenomena” animal migration insect lifecycles hibernation cycles vegetation growth “Wearing of this Garment does not Enable you to Fly.”

5. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MOD12Q2 - 8 Science Data Sets 1. Onset_Greenness_Increase 2. Onset_Greenness_Maximum 3. Onset_Greenness_Decrease 4. Onset_Greenness_Minimum 5. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum 6. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Maximum 7. NBAR_EVI_Area 8. Dynamics_QC “Remove Plastic Wrapper Before Eating.”

6. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Image Dimensions = 3 (2x1200x1200 num_modes/r/c) Area = 10° x 10° lat/long Size = 1200 x 1200 rows/columns Projection = Sinusoidal Average File Size = 41.3 MB Resolution = 1 kilometer Data Type = 16-bit Unsigned Integer “This End Up”

7. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Greenness values derived from Vegetation index data Snow cover Land surface temperature “This product may have come in contact with peanuts.”

8. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Vegetation Index Data MOD13 EVI algorithm executed on NBAR MCD43B4 Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance NBAR values are computed for the mean solar zenith angle of a 16-day period using daily multi- angle surface reflectances (MOD13A2 derived from MOD09) NBAR-derived VI range and summation included as supplementary product information “Objects in Mirror are Closer than they Appear.”

9. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “Items on top shelf may freeze and burst.” Snow cover presence of snow introduces a large source of temporal variation in EVI that is not associated with vegetation phenology QA field in MODIS NBAR (MCD43B4) snow-covered pixels removed from input

10. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Land surface temperature screen for consecutive 16-day periods where the temperature is too low to support growth MOD11A2 provides skin temperatures for 8- day periods by averaging daily LST values “Caution: Liquid Contents may be Hot.”

11. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Four phenological transition dates defining a growth cycle : Onset greenness increase vegetation begins active growth and photosynthesis Onset greenness maximum VI reaches its maximum Onset greenness decrease first disappearance of green leaves Onset greenness minimum VI returns to the level at which onset occurred “Intended for Outdoor Use Only.”

12. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS Defined using minimum and maximum values in the rate of change in curvature solid line = idealized time series of NBAR EVI dashed line = slope change rate derived from time series Greenness Dates A’ Onset increase B’ Onset maximum C’ Onset decrease D’ Onset minimum “Do not Drive or Operate Heavy Machinery.”

13. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “Misuse May Cause Injury or Death.”

14. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “Rinse Thoroughly with Water if Product Comes into Contact with Eyes.” MOD12Q2 Greenness Dates : Expressed as Number of Days Since January 1, 2000 If vegetation in a pixel showed onset of greenness increase on March 20, 2002, the pixel’s value would be 810 81 0 80 7 81 0 80 7 1km pixel green-up occurred March 17, 2002 81 0 1km pixel green-up occurred March 20, 2002

15. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MOD12Q2 - 8 Science Data Sets 1. Onset_Greenness_Increase 2. Onset_Greenness_Maximum 3. Onset_Greenness_Decrease 4. Onset_Greenness_Minimum 5. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum 6. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Maximum 7. NBAR_EVI_Area 8. Dynamics_QC “Do Not Use while Sleeping or Unconscious.”

16. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS MOD12Q2 NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum “Not a Protective Safety Device.” Subset of h25v07 in SE India (Andhra Pradesh, District of West Godavari) Legen d Min EVI 0 (water) 0.0-0.1 0.1-0.2 0.2-0.3 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.5 32767 (fill)

17. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “May Contain Small Parts.” No phenology estimates are calculated if: no satellite observations for more than two consecutive 16-day periods the during vegetation growing season "not processed, cloud" Dynamics_QC EVI values are uniformly high within a given 12- month period such as in some evergreen forests EVI values all less than 0.05 in an annual period such as in some deserts

18. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “Not Intended for Highway Use.” Bit 1-2Mandatory good quality1 other quality258 not processed cloud515 not processed other768 Bit 3-4 Quarters since last updated TBD11 TBD2258 TBD3515 TBD4768 Bit 5-8Land water mask Shallow ocean1 Land (Nothing else but land)258 Ocean coastlines and lake515 Shallow inland water772 Ephemeral water1029 Deep inland water1286 Moderate or continental ocean1543 Deep ocean1792 Bit 9-16: Phenology Assessment 1-100, 255 FILL MOD12Q2 Dynamics QA

19. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS YEAR 1 001193001193 YEAR 3YEAR 2 PRODUCTION RUN 1: On Year 3 Day 001, acquisitions Year 1 Day 193 – Year 2 193 are processed PRODUCTION RUN 2: On Year 3 Day 193, acquisitions Year 2 Day 001 – Year 2 365 are processed “People with known heart conditions should consult a physician prior to engaging in this activity.”

20. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS “This spray may be harmful to small animals.” Legen d Green_Max Date 2004Jan-Mar 2004Apr-Jun 2004Jul-Sep 2004Oct-Dec Water Fill MOD12Q2.A2004001.h08v05 Onset_Greenness_Maximum colored by quarter

21. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation SAIC - EROS CALLI JENKERSON LP DAAC 594 2638 JENKERSON@USGS. GOV “Contents Under Pressure.”