1. From Left: Joshua Harbert, Christian Ocier, Mitch Kenyon, Fred Thielke, Adebo Alao Calvin College

2. Outline What – Project Overview Why – Underlying Reasoning How – Technical Requirements Who – Other Potential Users Acknowledgements Questions

3. Our Project Design and construct a process to convert Yellow Grease into biodiesel Capable of processing high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) feedstock 45 gal capacity 2-stage process

4. Our Project Yellow Grease is obtained from Campus Dining Services Tentative plans for reactor Donate to Calvin College Campus Student Organization will operate reactor to fuel a campus commuter van

5. Why Are We Doing This? 1.We believe that: There is an energy crisis arising There is no single solution 2.We also believe that the solutions will be dependent on: Life style changes Cultural and regional resource use Sustainable/renewable energy 3.Education and good examples will be very important in solving this problem

6. Where Does Biodiesel Come From? Soy oil has limited potential Soy oil costs $2.16/gal Processed yellow grease costs between $0.91- $1.13/gal

7. Alternatives For Our Process? Trap grease is an alternative to yellow grease Contain high FFA Difficult to collect Difficult to process Virtually Free A process like ours is ideal for high FFA feedstocks

8. Inputs and Outputs

9. How We Are Doing This? Basic Components Reaction vessel Filter Polisher Pump Agitator Vacuum Pump Methanol Condenser

11. How We Are Doing This?

12. Glycerin Waste glycerin can be reprocessed and: Produces Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Yields a profit of $1.34 per gallon of glycerin Based on a study by University of Waterloo Engineering Department

13. Adsorption Polymer Adsorbent Polishing Column

14. Vacuum Distillation Vacuum Distillation: Pulls a vacuum on the reactor to recover the methanol and remove the water Advantages: Water in oil boils at ~140°C With a vacuum it is only 60°C Prevents fume leakage of Methanol and Potassium Methoxide, which are flammable and poisonous Uses significantly less energy

15. Energy and Cost Some data based on calculations and lab work $0.78/gal (free WVO) $1.88/gal (WVO @ $1.13/gal) Input energy=1.17MJ/kg Energy delivered=12.72MJ/kg

16. Who Should and Shouldn’t do This Suitable for: Trucks, boats, generators, personal vehicles Most unmodified diesel engines Most moderate climates Not Suitable for: Very cold environments Older diesel engines (natural rubber parts)

17. Thanks and Acknowledgements Energy Office of Michigan Calvin College The University of Waterloo Mary Jo Pulte

18. Questions?